lazr-20240930

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-38791

LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

83-1804317

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2603 Discovery Drive

Suite 100

Orlando

Florida

32826

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(800) 532-2417

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Class A common stock, par value of $0.0001 per share

LAZR

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☒

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 31, 2024, the registrant had 402,353,009 shares of Class A common stock and 97,088,670 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding.

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.		4
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensi ve Loss (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit (Unaudited)	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.		36
	Overview	36
	Industrialization and Business Update	36
	Basis of Presentation	37
	Components of Results of Operations	37
	Results of Operations	39
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	41
	Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates	43
	Recent Accounting Pronouncements	43
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.		44
Item 4. Controls and Procedures.		44

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.		45
Item 1A. Risk Factors.		45
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.		45
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.		46
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.		46
Item 5. Other Information.		46
Item 6. Exhibits.		47
SIGNATURES		48

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which involve substantial risks and uncertainties. These statements reflect the current views of management with respect to future events and our financial performance. These forward-looking statements include statements regarding the estimated costs and expected benefits of the restructuring plan initiated in May 2024, including the additional actions taken under the restructuring plan in September 2024, product plans, future growth, sales estimates/Order Book numbers, market opportunities, strategic initiatives, industry positioning, customer acquisition and retention, revenue growth and anticipated impacts on our business of current worldwide economic uncertainty, inflation, monetary policy shifts, and other disruptions due to geopolitical conditions and global health emergencies. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “future,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words or phrases, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. These forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business.

These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, level of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including our history of losses and our expectation that we will continue to incur significant expenses, including substantial R&D costs, and continuing losses for the foreseeable future as well as our limited operating history which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter; our strategic initiatives which may prove more costly than we currently anticipate and potential failure to increase our revenue to offset these initiatives; whether our LiDAR products are selected for inclusion in autonomous driving or Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (“ADAS”) by automotive original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) or their suppliers, and whether we will be de-selected by any customers; the lengthy period of time from a major commercial win to implementation and the risks of cancellation or postponement of the contract or unsuccessful implementation; potential inaccuracies in our forward looking estimates of certain metrics, including Order Book, our future cost of goods sold (“COGS”) and bill of materials (“BOM”) and total addressable market; the discontinuation, lack of success of our customers in developing and commercializing products using our solutions or loss of business with respect to a particular vehicle model or technology package and whether end automotive consumers will demand and be willing to pay for such features; our ability to successfully fund our growth if there are considerable delays in product introductions by us or our customers; our inability to reduce and control the cost of the inputs on which we rely, which could negatively impact the adoption of our products and our profitability; the effect of continued pricing pressures, competition from other LiDAR manufacturers, OEM cost reduction initiatives and the ability of automotive OEMs to re-source or cancel vehicle or technology programs which may result in lower than anticipated margins, or losses, which may adversely affect our business; the effect of general economic conditions, including inflation, recession risks and rising interest rates, generally and on our industry and us in particular, including the level of demand and financial performance of the autonomous vehicle industry and the decline in fair value of available-for-sale debt securities in a rising interest rate environment; market adoption of LiDAR as well as developments in alternative technology and the increasingly competitive environment in which we operate, which includes established competitors and market participants that have substantially greater resources; our ability to achieve technological feasibility and commercialize our software products and the requirement to continue to develop new products and product innovations due to rapidly changing markets and government regulations of such technologies; our ability to build, launch, receive regulatory approval, sell, and service insurance products as well as market and differentiate the benefits of LiDAR-based ADAS to consumers; our ability to manage our growth and expand our business operations effectively, including into international markets, such as China, which exposes us to operational, financial, regulatory and geopolitical risks; changes in our government contracts business and our defense customers’ business due to political change and global conflicts; adverse impacts due to limited availability and quality of materials, supplies, and capital equipment, or dependency on third-party service providers and single-source suppliers; the project-based nature of our orders, which can cause our results of operations to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis; whether we will be able to successfully transition our engineering designs into high volume manufacturing, including our ability to transition to an outsourced manufacturing business model and whether we and our outsourcing partners and suppliers can successfully operate complex machinery; whether we can successfully select, execute or integrate our acquisitions; whether the complexity of our products results in undetected defects and reliability issues which could reduce market adoption of our new products, limit our ability to manufacture, damage our reputation and expose us to product liability, warranty and other claims; our ability to maintain and adequately manage our inventory; our ability to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting; our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights; availability of qualified personnel, loss of highly skilled personnel and dependence on Austin Russell, our Founder, President and Chief Executive Officer; the impact of inflation and our stock price on our ability to hire and retain highly skilled personnel; the amount and timing of future sales and whether the average selling prices of our products could

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decrease rapidly over the life of the product as well as our dependence on a few key customers, who are often large corporations with substantial negotiating power; our ability to establish and maintain confidence in our long-term business prospects among customers and analysts and within our industry; whether we are subject to negative publicity; the effects of infectious diseases, health epidemics, pandemics and natural disasters on Luminar’s business; interruption or failure of our information technology and communications systems; cybersecurity risks to our operational systems, security systems, infrastructure, integrated software in our LiDAR solutions; market instability exacerbated by geopolitical conflicts, including the Israel-Hamas war and the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, as well as trade disputes with China and including the effect of sanctions and trade restrictions that may affect supply chain or sales opportunities; the large amount of our outstanding indebtedness and our ability to comply with covenants contained in the agreements governing our indebtedness; our ability to access sources of capital to finance operations and growth; our ability to regain and maintain compliance with the Nasdaq continued listing standards for the listing of our Class A common stock; and those other factors discussed in Part 1, Item 1A, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (our “2023 Annual Report”) and in Part II, Item 1A, of our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 (the “Second Quarter 2024 Report”), in each case under the heading “Risk Factors” and in subsequent reports filed with the SEC which we encourage you to carefully read. Given these risks, uncertainties and other factors, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, level of activity, performance or achievements. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-Q or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

WEBSITE AND SOCIAL MEDIA DISCLOSURE

We use our website (https://www.luminartech.com/) and various social media channels as a means of disclosing information about the Company and its products to its customers, investors and the public (e.g., @luminartech on X (formerly Twitter), Luminartech on YouTube, and Luminar Technologies on LinkedIn). The information on our website (or any webpages referenced in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) or posted on social media channels is not part of this or any other report that the Company files with, or furnishes to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The information we post through these channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	114,209	$	139,095
Restricted cash	1,937		1,529
Marketable securities	84,409		150,727
Accounts receivable	15,246		14,124
Inventory	17,636		12,196
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	30,449		32,950
Total current assets	263,886		350,621
Property and equipment, net	55,220		66,300
Operating lease right-of-use assets	41,036		42,706
Intangible assets, net	16,712		22,994
Goodwill	3,994		7,390
Other non-current assets	22,566		22,356
Total assets	$	403,414	$	512,367

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	28,761	$	21,113
Accrued and other current liabilities	47,954		52,605
Operating lease liabilities	10,978		10,154

Total current liabilities	87,693		83,872
Warrant liabilities	19		1,069

Convertible and senior notes	539,405		615,428
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	33,016		35,079
Other non-current liabilities	1,292		1,667
Total liabilities	661,425		737,115
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Stockholders’ deficit:
Class A common stock	42		34
Class B common stock	10		10
Additional paid-in capital	2,122,786		1,927,378
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	241		2
Treasury stock	(312,477)		(312,477)
Accumulated deficit	(2,068,613)		(1,839,695)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(258,011)		(224,748)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	403,414	$	512,367

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Revenue:
Products	$	12,681	$	10,753	$	43,721	$	28,043
Services	2,812		6,206		9,190		19,622
Total revenue	15,493		16,959		52,911		47,665
Cost of sales:
Products	24,128		27,273		68,604		71,535
Services	5,397		7,846		22,475		27,249
Total cost of sales	29,525		35,119		91,079		98,784
Gross loss	(14,032)		(18,160)		(38,168)		(51,119)
Operating expenses:
Research and development	50,591		62,937		184,191		199,472
Sales and marketing	11,097		12,397		37,752		41,780
General and administrative	30,206		35,435		93,045		122,345
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	6,647		—		6,647		—
Restructuring costs	3,284		—		9,546		—
Total operating expenses	101,825		110,769		331,181		363,597
Loss from operations	(115,857)		(128,929)		(369,349)		(414,716)
Other income (expense), net:
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	65		2,373		1,050		1,345
Interest expense	(8,908)		(2,779)		(14,422)		(5,717)
Interest income	2,407		1,260		8,356		4,770
Gain on extinguishment of debt	147,346		—		147,346		—
Gain from acquisition of EM4, LLC (“EM4”)	—		—		1,752		—
Changes in fair value of derivative liability	2,476		—		2,476		—
(Losses) gains related to investments and certain other assets, and other income (expense)	32		(5,967)		(5,947)		(8,245)
Total other income (expense), net	143,418		(5,113)		140,611		(7,847)
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	27,561		(134,042)		(228,738)		(422,563)
Provision for income taxes	158		296		180		305
Net income (loss)	$	27,403	$	(134,338)	$	(228,918)	$	(422,868)

Net income (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.06	$	(0.34)	$	(0.51)	$	(1.11)
Diluted	$	(0.24)	$	(0.34)	$	(0.80)	$	(1.11)
Shares used in computing net income (loss) per share:
Basic	480,016,365		394,591,942		453,074,622		382,673,871
Diluted	494,014,952		394,591,942		471,818,091		382,673,871
Comprehensive Loss:
Net income (loss)	$	27,403	$	(134,338)	$	(228,918)	$	(422,868)
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale debt securities	350		573		239		3,991
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	27,753	$	(133,765)	$	(228,679)	$	(418,877)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share data)


	Class A Common Stock	Class B Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock			Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Deficit
			Shares			Amount				Shares					Amount
Balance as of June 30, 2023			313,888,629	$	31		97,088,670	$	10		$	1,741,053	$	(808)		$	(312,477)	$	(1,556,956)	$	(129,147)


Issuance of Class A common stock upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units			4,688,949	1			—	—			903		—			—		—		904

Issuance of Class A common stock under the Equity Financing Program			1,833,829	—			—	—			9,107		—			—		—		9,107
Issuance of Class A common stock to a wholly owned subsidiary of TPK Universal Solutions Limited (“TPK”)			1,652,892	—			—	—			10,000		—			—		—		10,000
Issuance of Class A common stock to Plus Automation, Inc. (“Plus”)			1,926,471	—			—	—			12,141		—			—		—		12,141
Vendor payments under the stock-in-lieu of cash program			389,920	—			—	—			9,734		—			—		—		9,734
Milestone awards related to acquisitions			1,527,788	—			—	—			11,336		—			—		—		11,336

Share-based compensation			—	—			—	—			44,025		—			—		—		44,025

Other comprehensive income			—	—			—	—			—		573			—		—		573
Net loss			—	—			—	—			—		—			—		(134,338)		(134,338)
Balance as of September 30, 2023			325,908,478	$	32		97,088,670	$	10		$	1,838,299	$	(235)		$	(312,477)	$	(1,691,294)	$	(165,665)

Balance as of June 30, 2024			391,516,377	$	39		97,088,670	$	10		$	2,066,404	$	(109)		$	(312,477)	$	(2,096,016)	$	(342,149)


Issuance of Class A common stock upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units			6,459,694	1			—	—			139		—			—		—		140
Issuance of Class A common stock upon conversion of 2030 Convertible Notes			20,361,266	2			—	—			18,594		—			—		—		18,596


Issuance of Class A common stock under the Equity Financing Program			4,000,000	—			—	—			5,900		—			—		—		5,900

Vendor payments under the stock-in-lieu of cash program			357,660	—			—	—			469		—			—		—		469



Share-based compensation, including restructuring costs			—	—			—	—			31,100		—			—		—		31,100
Expense related to Volvo Warrants			—	—			—	—			203		—			—		—		203
Payments of employee taxes related to vested restricted stock units			—	—			—	—			(23)		—			—		—		(23)
Other comprehensive income			—	—			—	—			—		350			—		—		350
Net income			—	—			—	—			—		—			—		27,403		27,403
Balance as of September 30, 2024			422,694,997	$	42		97,088,670	$	10		$	2,122,786	$	241		$	(312,477)	$	(2,068,613)	$	(258,011)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except share data)


	Class A Common Stock	Class B Common Stock		Additional Paid-in Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock			Accumulated Deficit		Total Stockholders’ Deficit
			Shares			Amount				Shares					Amount
Balance as of December 31, 2022			291,942,087	$	29		97,088,670	$	10		$	1,558,685	$	(4,226)		$	(312,477)	$	(1,268,426)	$	(26,405)


Issuance of Class A common stock upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units			13,414,078	2			—	—			2,551		—			—		—		2,553
Issuance of Class A common stock under employee stock purchase plan (“ESPP”)			272,524	—			—	—			1,406		—			—		—		1,406
Vendor payments under the stock-in-lieu of cash program			6,505,012	1			—	—			43,328		—			—		—		43,329
Issuance of Class A common stock to a wholly owned subsidiary of TPK			3,305,784	—			—	—			20,000		—			—		—		20,000
Issuance of Class A common stock to Plus Automation, Inc. (“Plus”)			1,926,471	—			—	—			12,141		—			—		—		12,141
Milestone awards related to acquisitions			2,943,401	—			—	—			20,656		—			—		—		20,656
Issuance of Class A common stock under the Equity Financing Program			5,599,121	—			—	—			38,711		—			—		—		38,711


Share-based compensation			—	—			—	—			141,393		—			—		—		141,393
Payments of employee taxes related to stock-based awards			—	—			—	—			(572)		—			—		—		(572)

Other comprehensive income			—	—			—	—			—		3,991			—		—		3,991
Net loss			—	—			—	—			—		—			—		(422,868)		(422,868)
Balance as of September 30, 2023			325,908,478	$	32		97,088,670	$	10		$	1,838,299	$	(235)		$	(312,477)	$	(1,691,294)	$	(165,665)

Balance as of December 31, 2023			344,606,104	$	34		97,088,670	$	10		$	1,927,378	$	2		$	(312,477)	$	(1,839,695)	$	(224,748)


Issuance of Class A common stock upon exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock units			23,165,950	2			—	—			545		—			—		—		547
Issuance of Class A common stock upon conversion of 2030 Convertible Notes			20,361,266	2			—	—			18,594		—			—		—		18,596
Issuance of Class A common stock under ESPP			529,648	—			—	—			800		—			—		—		800
Issuance of Class A common stock under the Equity Financing Program			24,001,276	3			—	—			41,803		—			—		—		41,806
Issuance of Class A common stock under 401(k) Plan			1,500,000	—			—	—			2,550		—			—		—		2,550
Issuance of Class A common stock in settlement of certain claims			704,691	—			—	—			1,842		—			—		—		1,842

Vendor payments under the stock-in-lieu of cash program			1,949,415	1			—	—			5,472		—			—		—		5,473

Milestone awards related to acquisitions			5,876,647	—			—	—			11,249		—			—		—		11,249




Share-based compensation, including restructuring costs			—	—			—	—			112,455		—			—		—		112,455
Expense related to Volvo Warrants			—	—			—	—			338		—			—		—		338
Payments of employee taxes related to stock-based awards			—	—			—	—			(240)		—			—		—		(240)
Other comprehensive income			—	—			—	—			—		239			—		—		239
Net loss			—	—			—	—			—		—			—		(228,918)		(228,918)
Balance as of September 30, 2024			422,694,997	$	42		97,088,670	$	10		$	2,122,786	$	241		$	(312,477)	$	(2,068,613)	$	(258,011)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(228,918)	$	(422,868)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	20,169		19,468
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	6,464		5,095
Amortization of premium/discount on marketable securities	(1,819)		(3,952)
Loss on marketable securities	2,201		7,774
Change in fair value of private warrants	(1,050)		(1,345)
Vendor stock-in-lieu of cash program	12,358		31,487
Gain from acquisition of EM4	(1,752)		—
Impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets	6,647		—
Gain on extinguishment of debt	(147,346)		—
Changes in fair value of derivative liability	(2,476)		—
Amortization of debt premium/discount and issuance costs	3,065		2,427
Inventory write-offs and write-downs	20,737		17,343

Share-based compensation, including restructuring costs	115,792		160,031

Losses and impairments on non-marketable securities and certain other assets	4,000		2,141
Change in product warranty and other	(2,367)		4,273
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(59)		(7,729)
Inventories	(22,638)		(25,249)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(1,987)		10,858
Other non-current assets	(5,108)		(3,458)
Accounts payable	7,327		4,018
Accrued and other current liabilities	9,590		14,379
Other non-current liabilities	(7,522)		(9,219)
Net cash used in operating activities	(214,692)		(194,526)
Cash flows from investing activities:


Acquisition of EM4 (net of cash acquired)	(3,831)		—
Acquisition of Seagate’s lidar business	—		(12,608)
Purchases of marketable securities	(92,400)		(269,164)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities	154,837		390,836
Proceeds from sales/redemptions of marketable securities	3,737		51,569

Purchases of property and equipment	(4,244)		(21,129)


Net cash provided by investing activities	58,099		139,504
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock under the Equity Financing Program	41,806		38,711
Proceeds from issuance of Senior notes, net of Senior Notes and 2030 Convertible Notes issuance costs	89,202		—
Proceeds from issuance of Class A common stock to a wholly owned subsidiary of TPK	—		20,000
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	547		2,560
Proceeds from sale of Class A common stock under ESPP	800		1,406
Payments of employee taxes related to stock-based awards	(240)		(572)


Net cash provided by financing activities	132,115		62,105
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(24,478)		7,083
Beginning cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	140,624		71,105
Ending cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	116,146	$	78,188
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	4,683	$	3,906

Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities:

Conversion of 2030 Convertible Notes to equity	$	18,596	$	—
Recognition/derecognition of operating lease right-of-use asset and liability	2,543		3,335
Purchases of property and equipment recorded in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	400		2,194
Vendor stock-in-lieu of cash program—advances for capital projects and equipment	—		7,411
Investment in Plus	—		10,000

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1. Organization and Description of Business

Luminar Technologies, Inc. (together with its wholly-owned subsidiaries, the “Company” or “Luminar”) is incorporated in Delaware. Luminar is a global automotive technology company ushering in a new era of vehicle safety and autonomy. Over the past decade, Luminar has been building from the chip-level up, its light detection and ranging sensor, or LiDAR, which is expected to meet the demanding performance, safety, reliability and cost requirements to enable next-generation safety and autonomous capabilities for passenger and commercial vehicles as well as other adjacent markets. The Company’s Class A common stock is listed on the NASDAQ under the symbol “LAZR.”

The Company is headquartered in Orlando, Florida and has personnel that conducts the Company’s operations from various locations in the United States and internationally including Germany, Sweden, Mexico, China and India.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Therefore, these condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Annual Report”) filed with the SEC on February 28, 2024. In the opinion of management, the condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments, which are normal and recurring in nature, necessary for fair financial statement presentation. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures. The significant estimates made by management include inventory reserves, useful life of long-lived assets, valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, valuation of warrants issued in a private placement (“Private Warrants”), valuation of contingent consideration payable, and assets acquired in mergers and acquisitions including intangible assets, forecasted costs associated with non-recurring engineering (“NRE”) services, restructuring costs, valuation of convertible and senior notes and derivatives associated with them, valuation of distinct goods and services in the purchase contract with customers and stock-based compensation expense. Management periodically evaluates such estimates and they are adjusted prospectively based upon such periodic evaluation. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Derivative Liability

The Company evaluated convertible and senior notes to determine if embedded features of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for under the relevant sections of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging: Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. This accounting treatment requires that the carrying amount of any derivatives be recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet at issuance and marked-to-market at each balance sheet date as components of convertible and senior notes. The change in the fair value during the period is recorded in the consolidated statement of operations as either other income or expense as changes in fair value of derivative liability. Upon conversion, exercise or repayment, the respective derivative liability is marked to fair value at the conversion, repayment, or exercise date and then the related fair value amount is reclassified to other income or expense as part of gain or loss on debt extinguishment in the consolidated statement of operations.

Segment Information

The Company has determined its operating segments using the same indicators which were used to evaluate its performance internally. The Company’s business activities are organized in two operating segments:

(i) “Autonomy Solutions” which includes manufacturing and distribution of LiDAR sensors that measure distance using laser light to generate a 3D map, non-recurring engineering services related to the Company’s LiDAR products, development of software products that enable autonomy capabilities for automotive applications, and licensing of certain information. In June 2022, the Company acquired certain assets from Solfice Research, Inc. (“Solfice” or “Civil Maps”). In January 2023, the Company acquired certain assets from Seagate Technology LLC and Seagate Singapore International Headquarters Pte. Ltd.

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(individually and collectively, “Seagate”). Assets purchased from both Civil Maps and Seagate have been included in the Autonomy Solutions segment.

(ii) “Advanced Technologies and Services (“ATS”) which includes the design, development, manufacturing, packaging and development services of photonic components and subsystems (including semiconductor lasers and photodetectors), application-specific integrated circuits and pixel-based sensors. The Company acquired Optogration, Inc. (“Optogration”) in August 2021, Freedom Photonics LLC (“Freedom Photonics”) in April 2022, and EM4, LLC (“EM4”) in March 2024. Operations of Optogration, Freedom Photonics and EM4 have been included in the ATS segment since their respective acquisition dates.

Concentration of Credit Risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, debt securities and accounts receivable. The Company’s deposits exceed federally insured limits. Cash held by foreign subsidiaries of the Company as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 was not material.

The Company’s revenue is derived from customers located in the United States and international markets. One customer accounted for 39% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of September 30, 2024. One customer accounted for 71% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of December 31, 2023.

Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 in respect to derivative liabilities are disclosed above.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) No. ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires a public company to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures to provide information to better assess how an entity’s operations and related tax risks and tax planning and operational opportunities affect its tax rate and prospects for future cash flows. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for the Company for the annual period beginning January 1, 2025 with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and the impact it may have on its financial statement disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 requires a public company to enhance disclosures about significant segment expenses and provide incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. ASU 2023-07 will be effective for the Company for fiscal year beginning January 1, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal year beginning January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance and the impact it may have on its financial statement disclosures.

Note 3. Business Combinations and Acquisitions

Acquisition of EM4

On March 18, 2024 (the “Acquisition Date”), the Company completed its acquisition of EM4, a designer, manufacturer and seller of packaged photonic components and sub-systems for aerospace and industrial markets. The EM4 acquisition is expected to accelerate the Company’s strategy to package lasers, detectors and ASICs.

The Company acquired 100% of the membership interests of EM4 from G&H Investment Holding, Inc. (“G&H”), for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $4.5 million in cash, net of working capital adjustments, and up to $6.75 million in contingent future payments to G&H subject to the achievement of certain financial performance targets. The fair value of the contingent consideration at the Acquisition Date was estimated to be $0.1 million. The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the probability-weighted fair value of the contingent consideration. This transaction has been accounted for as a business combination. The acquisition related costs incurred as part of the transaction were not material.

Recording of Assets Acquired and Liabilities Assumed

Price allocation includes preliminary estimates of deferred tax balances, certain tax liabilities, for which the Company is in the process of collecting documentation to ascertain potential amounts, and fair value of certain working capital components. Preliminary estimates of fair values included in the condensed consolidated financial statements are expected to be finalized

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

within a one-year measurement period following the acquisition date after which any subsequent adjustments will be reflected in the consolidated statements of operations.

The following table summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocation to assets acquired (in thousands):


	Preliminary Recorded Value


Cash and cash equivalents	$	557
Accounts receivable	1,064
Contract asset	1,644
Inventories, net	3,539
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	252
Property plant and equipment	1,888



Operating lease right-of-use assets	2,072



Total assets acquired	11,016
Current liabilities	(3,148)
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	(1,628)
Total liabilities assumed	(4,776)
Net assets acquired	$	6,240

Since the consideration paid by the Company to acquire EM4’s business was lower than the estimated fair value of net assets acquired, the Company recognized a $1.8 million gain from the acquisition of EM4. The following factors contributed towards the purchase price paid by the Company being lower than the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired: (a) EM4 had historically been incurring losses; (b) G&H viewed EM4 as non-core; (c) although G&H pursued a competitive auction process for the business, the ultimate timeline to completion was drawn-out due to the complexity of the transaction structure; and (d) during the later stages of the sale process, after the Company was selected as the winning bidder, EM4’s business was impacted by the cancellation of certain material government programs as well as delays in certain other purchase orders, which also served to significantly reduce the estimated probability of the contingent future payments to G&H.

The results of operations related to EM4 are included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations beginning from the Acquisition Date.

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 4. Revenue

The Company’s revenue is comprised of sales of LiDAR sensors hardware, components, NRE services and licensing of certain information available with the Company.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The Company disaggregates its revenue from contracts with customers by (1) geographic region based on a customer’s billed to location, and (2) type of good or service and timing of transfer of goods or services to customers (point-in-time or over time), as it believes it best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of its revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors. Total revenue based on the disaggregation criteria described above, as well as revenue by segment, are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2024				2023
	Revenue		% of Revenue		Revenue		% of Revenue
Revenue by primary geographical market:
North America	$	14,022	91	%	$	16,367	97	%
Asia Pacific	202		1	%	—		—	%
Europe and Middle East	1,269		8	%	592		3	%
Total	$	15,493	100	%	$	16,959	100	%
Revenue by timing of recognition:
Recognized at a point in time	$	12,609	81	%	$	10,753	63	%
Recognized over time	2,884		19	%	6,206		37	%
Total	$	15,493	100	%	$	16,959	100	%
Revenue by segment:
Autonomy Solutions	$	9,766	63	%	$	11,229	66	%
ATS	5,727		37	%	5,730		34	%
Total	$	15,493	100	%	$	16,959	100	%


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024				2023
	Revenue		% of Revenue		Revenue		% of Revenue
Revenue by primary geographical market:
North America	$	50,122	94	%	$	43,341	91	%
Asia Pacific	299		1	%	1,022		2	%
Europe and Middle East	2,490		5	%	3,302		7	%
Total	$	52,911	100	%	$	47,665	100	%
Revenue by timing of recognition:
Recognized at a point in time	$	43,721	83	%	$	28,043	59	%
Recognized over time	9,190		17	%	19,622		41	%
Total	$	52,911	100	%	$	47,665	100	%
Revenue by segment:
Autonomy Solutions	$	36,066	68	%	$	31,640	66	%
ATS	16,845		32	%	16,025		34	%
Total	$	52,911	100	%	$	47,665	100	%

Volvo Stock Purchase Warrant

The Company had previously issued certain stock purchase warrants (“Volvo Warrants”) to Volvo Car Technology Fund AB (“VCTF”) in connection with an engineering services contract. The Volvo Warrants vest and become exercisable in two tranches based on satisfaction of certain commercial milestones. The fair value of the first tranche of the Volvo Warrants was recorded as a reduction in revenue in 2021. The second tranche of the Volvo warrants will be recorded as reduction in revenue

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

to be amortized over sales of a certain number of the Company’s sensors to Volvo for use in their commercial vehicles, which commenced in the second quarter of 2024.

Contract assets and liabilities

Changes in the Company’s contract assets and contract liabilities primarily result from the timing difference between the Company’s performance and the customer’s payment based on contractual terms. Contract assets primarily represent revenues recognized for performance obligations that have been satisfied but for which amounts have not been billed. Contract liabilities consist of the Company’s obligation to transfer goods or services to a customer for which the Company has received consideration from the customer. Customer advance payments represent required customer payments in advance of product shipments. Customer advance payments are recognized in revenue as or when control of the performance obligation is transferred to the customer.

The opening and closing balances of contract assets were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract assets, current	$	10,720	$	14,132
Contract assets, non-current	5,248		2,471
Ending balance	$	15,968	$	16,603

The significant changes in contract assets balances consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Beginning balance	$	16,603	$	17,970
Amounts billed that were included in the contract assets beginning balance	(4,124)		(10,965)
Contract assets from acquisition of EM4 (See Note 3)	1,644		—
Revenue recognized for performance obligations that have been satisfied but for which amounts have not been billed	1,845		9,598
Ending balance	$	15,968	$	16,603

The opening and closing balances of contract liabilities were as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract liabilities, current	$	2,366	$	3,127
Contract liabilities, non-current	—		805
Ending balance	$	2,366	$	3,932

The significant changes in contract liabilities balances consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Beginning balance	$	3,932	$	3,008

Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liabilities beginning balance	(2,708)		(2,125)
Increase due to cash received and not recognized as revenue and billings in excess of revenue recognized during the period	1,142		3,049
Ending balance	$	2,366	$	3,932

Remaining Performance Obligations

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations was $14.9 million as of September 30, 2024 and includes amounts within contract liabilities. The Company expects to recognize approximately 100% of this revenue over the next 12 months.

Note 5. Restructuring

On May 3, 2024, the Company announced a restructuring plan (“2024 Restructuring Plan”), including a reduction in its workforce by approximately 20%. On September 20, 2024, the Company announced additional actions under the 2024 Restructuring Plan that included a cumulative reduction in workforce of approximately 30% of the Company’s full-time employees since the beginning of 2024. By September 30, 2024, the reduction in workforce actions resulted in the termination of 198 employees. Total separation costs associated with the 2024 Restructuring Plan amounted to $3.3 million in the third quarter of 2024 and have been included as restructuring costs in the statement of operations. The following table summarizes

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

the restructuring charges as of September 30, 2024.



	Severance expense		Other expenses		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	—	$	—	$	—
Restructuring charges	9,421		125		9,546
Cash payments	(4,603)		(118)		(4,721)
Non-cash charges	(2,476)		—		(2,476)
Balance payable and accrued liabilities as of September 30, 2024	$	2,342	$	7	$	2,349

The entire balance payable of $2.3 million relates to the Autonomy Solutions segment.

Note 6. Investments

Debt Securities

The Company’s investments in debt securities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	24,326	$	12	$	—	$	24,338

Commercial paper	9,354		—		—		9,354
Corporate bonds	67,504		234		(5)		67,733
Certificate of deposit	500		—		—		500

Total debt securities	$	101,684	$	246	$	(5)	$	101,925
Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	20,381	$	—	$	—	$	20,381
Included in marketable securities	$	81,303	$	246	$	(5)	$	81,544


	December 31, 2023
	Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	86,764	$	20	$	—	$	86,784
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities	2,732		—		—		2,732
Commercial paper	10,144		—		—		10,144
Corporate bonds	44,924		9		(27)		44,906

Total debt securities	$	144,564	$	29	$	(27)	$	144,566
Included in cash and cash equivalents	$	1,595	$	—	$	(1)	$	1,594
Included in marketable securities	$	142,969	$	29	$	(26)	$	142,972

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and the fair value for those debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position for less than 12 months as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. treasury securities	$	—	$	13,056	$	—	$	—
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities	—		—		—		741

Corporate bonds	(5)		7,082		(27)		30,621

Total	$	(5)	$	20,138	$	(27)	$	31,362

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Equity Investments

The Company’s equity investments consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets Location	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Money market funds(1)	Cash and cash equivalents	$	60,792	$	101,842
Marketable equity investments(1)	Marketable securities	2,865		7,755
Investment in non-marketable securities(2)	Other non-current assets	10,000		10,000
Non-marketable equity investment measured using the measurement alternative(2)	Other non-current assets	—		4,000
Total		$	73,657	$	123,597

(1) Investments with readily determinable fair values.

(2) Investment in privately held company without readily determinable fair value.

The Company assesses its non-marketable equity investments quarterly for impairment. Adjustments and impairments are recorded in other income (expense), net on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company measured the current value of its investment in Robotic Research OpCo, LLC (“Forterra”) at cost as provided under the guidance for measurement of equity investment using the measurement alternative. As a result of anticipated losses of preferred rights and decline in enterprise value of Forterra, the Company has recorded an impairment charge of $4.0 million related to the said investment in the second quarter of 2024.

Note 7. Financial Statement Components

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash	$	33,036	$	35,659
Money market funds	60,792		101,842
U.S. treasury securities	15,199		—

Commercial paper	5,182		497
Corporate bonds	—		1,097
Total cash and cash equivalents	$	114,209	$	139,095

Inventory

Inventory comprised of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Raw materials	$	5,772	$	5,614
Work-in-process	3,004		2,521
Finished goods	8,860		4,061
Total inventories, net	$	17,636	$	12,196

The Company’s inventory write-downs were $2.9 million and $20.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $3.9 million and $17.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively. The write-downs were primarily due to obsolescence charges as a result of change in product design, lower of cost or market assessment, yield losses, and other adjustments.

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Prepaid expenses	$	12,989	$	12,434
Contract assets	10,720		14,132
Advance payments to vendors	259		3,038

Other receivables	6,481		3,346
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	30,449	$	32,950

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Machinery and equipment	$	61,910	$	58,815
Computer hardware and software	8,143		7,025
Land	1,001		1,001
Leasehold improvements	22,620		22,531
Vehicles, including demonstration fleet	2,141		2,207
Furniture and fixtures	930		900
Construction in progress	2,150		2,256
Total property and equipment	98,895		94,735
Accumulated depreciation	(43,675)		(28,435)
Total property and equipment, net	$	55,220	$	66,300

Property and equipment capitalized under finance lease were not material.

Depreciation expense associated with property and equipment was $4.7 million and $17.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $10.8 million and $16.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

The Company continually evaluates opportunities for optimizing its manufacturing processes and product design. In 2023, the Company finalized and committed to a plan to change its sourcing of certain sub-assemblies and components from one supplier to another, which requires the Company to abandon certain equipment located at the legacy supplier. As a result, the Company has reduced the useful lives of the long-lived assets within the impacted asset group in line with when these assets are expected to be abandoned. The Company expects the transition to the new supplier to be essentially completed in 2024. The reduction in the estimated useful lives of the impacted assets resulted in the Company recording $0.9 million and $4.4 million of incremental accelerated depreciation charges in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes the activity in the Company’s intangible assets (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Beginning of the period	$	22,994	$	22,077
Additions	—		8,240
Amortization	(3,032)		(4,323)
Impairment	(3,250)		(3,000)
End of the period	$	16,712	$	22,994

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Intangible assets were acquired in connection with the Company’s acquisition of Optogration in August 2021, Freedom Photonics in April 2022 and Solfice in June 2022. The components of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024									December 31, 2023
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment (1)		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Remaining Period (Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Impairment (1)		Net Carrying Amount		Weighted Average Remaining Period (Years)
Customer relationships	$	3,730	$	(2,092)	$	—	$	1,638	3.2	$	3,730	$	(1,479)	$	—	$	2,251	3.7
Customer backlog	650		(650)		—		—		—	650		(650)		—		—		—
Tradename	620		(432)		—		188		1.5	620		(339)		—		281		2.3
Assembled workforce	130		(130)		—		—		—	130		(130)		—		—		—
Developed technology	21,400		(6,514)		—		14,886		5.2	20,150		(4,188)		—		15,962		5.5
IPR&D	3,250		—		(3,250)		—		—	7,500		—		(3,000)		4,500		—
Total intangible assets	$	29,780	$	(9,818)	$	(3,250)	$	16,712	5.0	$	32,780	$	(6,786)	$	(3,000)	$	22,994	5.2

(1) See below for discussions related to impairment charges.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $1.0 million and $3.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $1.1 million and $3.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

As of September 30, 2024, the expected future amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):


Period	Expected Future Amortization Expense
2024 (remaining three months)	$	1,031
2025	4,126
2026	3,479
2027	3,263
2028	1,771
Thereafter	3,042

Total	$	16,712

Goodwill

The carrying amount of goodwill allocated to the Company’s reportable segments was as follows (in thousands):


	Autonomy Solutions		ATS		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	687	$	18,129	$	18,816
Goodwill related to acquisition of Seagate’s lidar business	1,063		—		1,063
Impairment of goodwill related to Freedom Photonics	—		(12,489)		(12,489)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	$	1,750	$	5,640	$	7,390
Impairment of goodwill related to Freedom Photonics	$	—	$	(3,396)	$	(3,396)
Balance as of September 30, 2024	$	1,750	$	2,244	$	3,994

During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized impairment charges of $12.5 million and $3.0 million related to goodwill and IPR&D related to Freedom Photonics. These impairment charges were due to events that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2023, including a decision to delay development activities on certain new products resulting from an increasing focus on supporting the product roadmap of the Autonomy Solutions segment, and a lowering of the growth outlook for the business due to less than anticipated traction in sales of new products. During the third quarter of 2024 the Company recognized additional impairment charges of $3.4 million and $3.3 million related to goodwill and IPR&D, related to Freedom Photonics driven by a slower industry lidar adoption rate in the near-term as well as a reduction in the Freedom Photonics workforce assigned to perform development work for external customers.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Total life-to-date goodwill impairment charge recorded by the ATS reportable segment was $15.9 million and no impairment charge has been recorded by the Autonomy Solutions reportable segment.

In relation to the goodwill, the Company engaged third-party valuation specialists and used industry accepted valuation models and criteria that were reviewed and approved by various levels of management. The Company assessed the fair value of the Freedom Photonics reporting during the fourth quarter of 2023 and the third quarter of 2024, using the discounted cash flow method under the income approach, utilizing estimated cash flows and a terminal value, discounted at a rate of return that reflects the relative risk of the cash flows. The significant assumptions used in the assessment of the reporting unit included revenue growth rates, profit margins, operating expenses, capital expenditures, terminal value and a discount rate. As a result of this assessment, the Company determined in the fourth quarter of 2023 that the carrying value of the Freedom Photonics reporting unit exceeded its estimated fair value by $12.5 million. This resulted in an impairment charge to goodwill, with the remaining goodwill associated with Freedom Photonics being fully impaired in the third quarter of 2024.

Other Non-Current Assets

Other non-current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Security deposits	$	2,315	$	2,410
Non-marketable equity investment	10,000		14,000

Prepaid expenses non-current	4,169		3,471

Contract assets	5,248		2,471
Other non-current assets	834		4
Total other non-current assets	$	22,566	$	22,356

Accrued and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	14,075	$	20,658
Accrued expenses	10,817		14,723
Contract losses	11,294		8,790
Warranty reserves	754		4,154
Contract liabilities	2,366		3,127
Accrued interest payable	6,904		359


Insurance reserve and other liabilities	1,744		794
Total accrued and other current liabilities	$	47,954	$	52,605

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company recorded $3.2 million and $15.7 million, respectively, and $3.9 million and $11.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, in cost of sales (services) with respect to estimated losses expected to be incurred on NRE projects with certain customers. The estimated contract losses were primarily driven by delays in achievement of certain milestones and changes in scope of project deliverables agreed upon with a customer.

Note 8. Debt

2026 Convertible Senior Notes and Capped Call Transactions

In December 2021, the Company issued $625.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 in a private placement, which included $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of such notes pursuant to the exercise in full of the option granted to the initial purchasers to purchase additional notes (collectively, the “2026 Convertible Senior Notes”). The interest on the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on June 15, 2022. The 2026 Convertible Senior Notes will mature on December 15, 2026, unless repurchased or redeemed earlier by the Company or converted pursuant to their terms.

The total net proceeds from the debt offering, after deducting fees paid to the initial purchasers paid by the Company, was approximately $609.4 million.

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Each $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes is initially convertible into 50.0475 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $19.98 per share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events prior to the maturity date but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date or if the Company delivers a notice of redemption in respect of some or all of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes, the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes for a holder who elects to convert its 2026 Convertible Senior Notes in connection with such a corporate event or convert its 2026 Convertible Senior Notes called for redemption during the related redemption period, as the case may be. The 2026 Convertible Senior Notes are redeemable, in whole or in part (subject to certain limitations), at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after December 20, 2024, and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, at a cash redemption price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date, but only if certain liquidity conditions are satisfied and the last reported sale price per share of the Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice, and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. If the Company undergoes a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes) prior to the maturity date, holders may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their 2026 Convertible Senior Notes in principal amounts of $1,000 or a multiple thereof at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

Holders of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes may convert their 2026 Convertible Senior Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 15, 2026, in multiples of $1,000 principal amount, only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on March 31, 2022, if the last reported sale price per share of the Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any 10 consecutive trading day period (such 10 consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Convertible Senior Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Class A common stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events or distributions on the Class A common stock; and (4) if the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes are called for redemption. On or after June 15, 2026, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2026 Convertible Senior Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its Class A common stock or a combination of cash and shares of its Class A common stock, at the Company’s election. As of September 30, 2024, the conditions allowing holders of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes to convert were not met.

The 2026 Convertible Senior Notes are senior unsecured obligations and will rank equal in right of payment with the Company’s future senior unsecured indebtedness; senior in right of payment to the Company’s future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated to the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes; effectively subordinated to the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, to the extent of the value of the collateral securing that indebtedness; and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities, including trade payables, and (to the extent the Company is not a holder thereof) preferred equity, if any, of the Company’s subsidiaries.

The Company has classified the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes as a non-current liability. Debt discount and issuance costs aggregating approximately $16.2 million were initially recorded as a reduction to the principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes and is being amortized as interest expense on a straight line basis over the contractual terms of the notes. The Company estimates that the difference between amortizing the debt discounts and the issuance costs using the straight line method as compared to using the effective interest rate method is immaterial.

In connection with the offering of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes, the Company entered into privately negotiated capped call option transactions with certain counterparties (the “Capped Calls”). The Capped Calls each have an initial strike price of approximately $19.98 per share, subject to certain adjustments, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes. The Capped Calls have initial cap prices of $30.16 per share, subject to certain adjustment events. The Capped Calls are generally intended to reduce the potential dilution to the Class A common stock upon any conversion of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 2026 Convertible Senior Notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

to a cap based on the cap price. The Capped Calls expire on April 6, 2027, subject to earlier exercise. The Capped Calls are subject to either adjustment or termination upon the occurrence of specified extraordinary events affecting the Company, including a merger event, a tender offer, and a nationalization, insolvency or delisting involving the Company. In addition, the Capped Calls are subject to certain specified additional disruption events that may give rise to a termination of the Capped Calls, including changes in law, failure to deliver, and hedging disruptions. The Capped Calls are recorded in stockholders’ equity and are not accounted for as derivatives. The net cost of $73.4 million incurred to purchase the Capped Calls was recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

On August 8, 2024, pursuant to a privately negotiated exchange agreement, the Company exchanged $421.9 million aggregate principal amount of the outstanding 2026 Convertible Senior Notes for $82.3 million aggregate principal amount of its newly issued 9.0% convertible second lien senior secured notes due 2030 (the “Series 1 Notes”), and $192.0 million aggregate principal amount of its newly issued 11.5% convertible second lien senior secured notes due 2030 (the “Series 2 Notes”, and collectively with the Series 1 Notes, the “2030 Convertible Notes”). Concurrently with the exchange transaction, the Company also issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of its newly issued first-lien, senior secured floating rate notes due 2028 (the “Senior Notes”) in a private placement for cash consideration of $97.0 million. As a result of the exchange and purchase transactions, during the third quarter of 2024, the Company recognized $142.2 million gain on debt extinguishment which represented the difference between the carrying value of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes so exchanged and the collective fair value of 2030 Convertible Notes and the Senior Notes, net of the cash payment received from the investors. The extinguishment gain was recorded in Other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The net carrying amount of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes was as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Principal	$	203,083	$	625,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	(2,326)		(9,572)
Net carrying amount	$	200,757	$	615,428

The following table sets forth the interest expense recognized related to the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Contractual interest expense	$	1,189	$	1,969	$	5,084	$	5,843
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	481		809		2,099		2,427
Total interest expense	$	1,670	$	2,778	$	7,183	$	8,270

The remaining term over which the debt discount and issuance costs will be amortized is 2.2 years.

Senior Notes

On August 8, 2024, the Company issued $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes in a private placement. At the time of the issuance, the fair value of the Senior Notes is $97.0 million, resulting in a debt discount of $3.0 million.

The Senior Notes will mature on the earlier of (i) August 15, 2028 or (ii) if more than $100.0 million of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes remain outstanding as of June 30, 2026, then September 15, 2026. The Senior Notes will bear floating interest at a rate equal to Term SOFR plus 9.0%, subject to a Term SOFR floor of 3.0%, resulting in an effective interest rate of 14.1% as of September 30, 2024. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on February 15, May 15, August 15, and November 15 of each year.

The Company may redeem the Senior Notes at its option, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at the following redemption prices (expressed as percentages of principal amount) plus accrued and unpaid interest, if redeemed during the following periods, inclusive of the prepayment fee due on any such redemption: on or prior to August 15, 2026: 111%; after August 15, 2026 and on or prior to August 15, 2027: 108%; and after August 15, 2027: 103%. The Senior Notes are also subject to a customary make whole payment in the event of any redemption or acceleration of the Senior Notes on or prior to August 15, 2025.

In the event of a change of control, as defined in the indenture governing the Senior Notes (the “First Lien Indenture”), the holders of the Senior Notes may require the Company to repurchase their notes at a cash repurchase price equal to 103% of

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

The Senior Notes are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s current and future material subsidiaries on a senior secured basis, subject to certain criteria and exceptions. The Senior Notes and the guarantees are secured by a fully perfected first-priority lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Guarantors, subject to certain exceptions, including any first-priority liens on customary asset-based lending collateral, including accounts receivable and inventory, pursuant to a revolving credit facility permitted under the First Lien Indenture.

The First Lien Indenture includes restrictive covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur additional debt, make restricted payments and grant or incur liens, in addition to a financial covenant to maintain an unrestricted cash and cash equivalents balance, plus any unused commitments then available to be drawn under any revolving credit facility permitted under the First Lien Indenture, of not less than $35.0 million as of the last day, or for more than five days, of any calendar month. The First Lien Indenture also contains customary events of default.

The Company has classified the Senior Notes as a non-current liability. Initial debt discount and issuance costs aggregating approximately $4.9 million were initially recorded as a reduction to the principal amount and will be amortized as interest expense over the contractual terms of the Senior Notes based on the effective interest rate of 16.0%.

The Company recognized interest expense of $2.2 million for the Senior Notes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, which included $0.1 million from the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs.

The net carrying amount of the Senior Notes was as follows (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024
Principal	$	100,000
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	(4,728)
Net carrying amount	$	95,272

The remaining term over which the debt discount and issuance costs will be amortized is 3.9 years.

The Company estimated the fair value of the Senior Notes using a binomial model as of August 8, 2024, with the following valuation inputs: payment interest rate of 12.4% - 14.3%, effective borrowing rate of 14.4%, interest rate volatility of 23.0%.

The Company estimated the fair value of the Senior Notes using a binomial model as of September 30, 2024, with the following valuation inputs: payment interest rate of 12.0% - 13.1%, effective borrowing rate of 9.7%, interest rate volatility of 23.0%.

2030 Convertible Notes

On August 8, 2024, the Company issued $82.3 million aggregate principal amount of the Series 1 Notes and $192.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Series 2 Notes in exchange for $421.9 million aggregate principal amount of outstanding 2026 Convertible Senior Notes. At the time of the exchange, the fair value of the Series 1 Notes and the Series 2 Notes is $87.5 million and $186.2 million, resulting in a debt premium of $5.2 million and a debt discount of $5.7 million, respectively.

The 2030 Convertible Notes will mature on the earlier of (i) January 15, 2030 or (ii) if more than $100.0 million of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes remain outstanding as of June 30, 2026, then September 15, 2026. The Series 1 Notes bear interest at a rate of 9.0% per annum, and the Series 2 Notes bear interest at a rate of 11.5% per annum. Interest is payable quarterly in arrears on January 15, April 15, July 15, and October 15 of each year.

Each $1,000 principal amount of the Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes is initially convertible into 687.8525 and 412.7115 shares of the Company’s Class A common stock, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $1.45 and $2.42 per share, respectively. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain specified events prior to the maturity date.

The 2030 Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holders at any time before the maturity date, at the conversion price then in effect plus a make-whole premium (the “Make-Whole Premium”) equal to the lesser of (i) all regularly scheduled interest payments that would be due on the portion of such 2030 Convertible Note being redeemed for the succeeding two year period and (ii) all regularly scheduled interest payments that would be due on the portion of such 2030 Convertible

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Note being redeemed through the maturity date, and is capped at the maximum number of shares that would be issuable in connection with a conversion following a “Make-Whole Fundamental Change”, as defined in the indenture governing the 2030 Convertible Notes (the “Second Lien Indenture”). The Make-Whole Premium will be payable in either cash or shares, at the Company’s option.

The Company accounted for the conversion option of Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes as embedded derivatives. The initial fair value of the derivative instruments of $25.2 million and $24.0 million was recorded as a liability in the consolidated balance sheet with the corresponding amount recorded as a discount to Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes, respectively, upon issuance. The Company will remeasure the derivative liabilities at each reporting period with any changes to be recorded in Other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

If a fundamental change, as defined in the Second Lien Indenture, occurs, then holders may require the Company to repurchase their 2030 Convertible Notes at a cash repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2030 Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. A holder that elects to convert its 2030 Convertible Notes in connection with a fundamental change may be entitled to receive a make-whole adjustment in connection with such corporate event in certain circumstances. The definition of fundamental change includes certain business combination transactions involving the Company and certain de-listing events with respect to the Company’s Common Stock.

The Company may redeem the 2030 Convertible Notes at its option, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, if the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for a given Series then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 day consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, and certain liquidity conditions are then satisfied, at a redemption price equal to (i) 100% of the principal amount of the 2030 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus (ii) accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding the redemption date, and (iii) the Make-Whole Premium.

The 2030 Convertible Notes are guaranteed by certain of the Company’s current and future material subsidiaries on a second-priority senior secured basis, subject to certain criteria and exceptions. The 2030 Convertible Notes and the guarantees are secured by a fully perfected second-priority lien on substantially all of the assets of the Company and the Guarantors, subject to the first-priority liens securing or otherwise permitted by the Senior Notes and any first-priority liens on customary asset-based lending collateral, including accounts receivable and inventory, pursuant to a revolving credit facility permitted under the Second Lien Indenture.

The Second Lien Indenture includes restrictive covenants substantially similar to the First Lien Indenture that, among other things, limit the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur additional debt, make restricted payments and grant or incur liens, in addition to a financial covenant to maintain an unrestricted cash and cash equivalents balance, plus any unused commitments then available to be drawn under any revolving credit facility permitted under the Second Lien Indenture, of not less than $31.5 million as of the last day, or for more than five days, of any calendar month. The Second Lien Indenture also contains customary events of default.

The Company has classified the 2030 Convertible Notes as a non-current liability. Initial debt discount (including the initial fair value of the embedded derivative liabilities) and issuance costs aggregating approximately $21.6 million and $33.3 million were initially recorded as a reduction to the principal amount of the Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes, respectively, and will be amortized as interest expense over the contractual terms of the 2030 Convertible Notes based on the effective interest rates of 16.3% and 16.3%, respectively.

During the quarter ending September 30, 2024, the principal amount of $22.9 million and $50,000 of Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes were converted by the holders. The Company issued 20,328,198 shares and 33,069 shares of the Class A Common Stock to settle such conversion of Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes, respectively. The Company recognized a debt extinguishment gain of $5.1 million on such conversions which was recorded in Other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company recognized interest expense of $1.1 million and $3.8 million for the Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, which included $0.3 million and $0.6 million, respectively, from the amortization of debt discount and issuance costs.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The net carrying amount of the 2030 Convertible Notes as of September 30, 2024 was as follows (in thousands):



	Series 1 Notes		Series 2 Notes
Principal	$	59,391	$	191,918
Unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	(15,305)		(32,702)
Net carrying amount	$	44,086	$	159,216

The remaining term over which the debt discount and issuance costs will be amortized is 5.3 years.

The conversion features of the Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes are accounted for as embedded derivative liabilities. The derivative liability is considered a Level 3 valuation and is recorded at its estimated fair value at the end of each reporting period, with the change in fair value recognized within other expense, net in the consolidated statements of operations.

The following table shows the estimated fair value of the derivative liability as of the issuance and the change in fair value from issuance through September 30, 2024:



	Series 1 Notes		Series 2 Notes
Derivative liability, at issuance	$	25,254	$	23,980
Change in fair value	(2,379)		(97)
Decrease of derivative liability upon exercise of conversion option	$	(6,684)	$	—
Derivative liability, end of period	$	16,191	$	23,883

The Company estimated the fair value of the 2030 Convertible Notes and derivative liability using a binomial model, with the following valuation inputs:



	Series 1 Notes						Series 2 Notes
	August 8, 2024			September 30, 2024			August 8, 2024			September 30, 2024
Conversion price	$	1.45		$	1.45		$	2.42		$	2.42
Risk-free rate	3.76		%	3.53		%	3.76		%	3.53		%
Effective borrowing rate	17.16		%	12.84		%	17.16		%	12.84		%
Volatility	50.00		%	50.00		%	50.00		%	50.00		%
Stock price	$	0.93		$	0.90		$	0.93		$	0.90
Payment interest rate	9.00		%	9.00		%	11.50		%	11.50		%
Redemption price	$	1.89		$	1.89		$	3.15		$	3.15

Credit Facility

In February 2024, the Company entered into two non-recourse loan and securities pledge agreements (the “Loan Agreements”) with The St. James Bank & Trust Company Ltd. (the “Lender”), pursuant to which the Company may borrow up to an aggregate of $50.0 million (the “Credit Facility”). Any loans made by the Lender under the Loan Agreements would be collateralized by shares of the Company’s Class A common stock or stock the Company holds as investments in other companies. The Loan Agreements require the Company to pay an up-front structure fee of 1.5% on any amounts borrowed, and any outstanding amounts would bear interest at 8.0% per annum. The Company has not borrowed any amounts under the Credit Facility and had no outstanding balance as of September 30, 2024.

Note 9. Fair Value Measurements

As of September 30, 2024, the Company carried cash equivalents, marketable investments, embedded derivatives associated with 2030 Convertible notes and Private Warrants that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Additionally, the Company measures its equity-settled fixed value awards at fair value on a recurring basis. See Note 12 for further information on the Company’s fixed value equity awards.

Fair value is based on the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is estimated by applying the following hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement:

Level 1 — Observable inputs, which include unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

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Level 2 — Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs, such as quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are based on management’s assumptions, including fair value measurements determined by using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques.

The Company determined the fair value of its Level 1 financial instruments, which are traded in active markets, using quoted market prices for identical instruments.

Marketable investments classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are valued based on other observable inputs, including broker or dealer quotations, alternative pricing sources or U.S. Government Treasury yield of appropriate term. When quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities are not available, the Company relies on non-binding quotes from its investment managers, which are based on proprietary valuation models of independent pricing services. These models generally use inputs such as observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, historical pricing trends of a security as relative to its peers. To validate the fair value determination provided by its investment managers, the Company reviews the pricing movement in the context of overall market trends and trading information from its investment managers. The Company performs routine procedures such as comparing prices obtained from independent source to ensure that appropriate fair values are recorded.

Given that the transfer of Private Warrants to anyone outside of a small group of individuals constituting the sponsors of Gores Metropoulos, Inc. (“Gores”) would result in the Private Warrants having substantially the same terms as warrants issued in connection with the initial public offering of Gores (“Public Warrants”), management determined that the fair value of each Private Warrant is the same as that of a Public Warrant, with an insignificant adjustment for short-term marketability restrictions. The fair value of the Private Warrants was de minimis as of September 30, 2024.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis and the level of inputs used for such measurements were as follows (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measured as of September 30, 2024:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	60,792	$	—	$	—	$	60,792
U.S. treasury securities	15,199		—		—		15,199

Commercial paper	—		5,182		—		5,182
Total cash equivalents	$	75,991	$	5,182	$	—	$	81,173
Marketable investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	9,139	$	—	$	—	$	9,139

Commercial paper	—		4,172		—		4,172
Corporate bonds	—		67,733		—		67,733
Certificate of deposit	—		500		—		500

Marketable equity investments	2,865		—		—		2,865
Total marketable investments	$	12,004	$	72,405	$	—	$	84,409
Liabilities:
Derivative liability	$	—	$	—	$	40,074	$	40,074
Private Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	19	$	19
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	40,093	$	40,093

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)


	Fair Value Measured as of December 31, 2023:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	101,842	$	—	$	—	$	101,842


Commercial paper	—		497		—		497
Corporate bonds	—		1,097		—		1,097
Total cash equivalents	$	101,842	$	1,594	$	—	$	103,436
Marketable investments:
U.S. treasury securities	$	86,784	$	—	$	—	$	86,784
U.S. agency and government sponsored securities	—		2,732		—		2,732
Commercial paper	—		9,647		—		9,647
Corporate bonds	—		43,809		—		43,809

Marketable equity investments	7,755		—		—		7,755
Total marketable investments	$	94,539	$	56,188	$	—	$	150,727
Liabilities:

Private Warrants	$	—	$	—	$	1,069	$	1,069

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of the Company’s outstanding 2026 Convertible Senior Notes was $94.8 million and $296.3 million, respectively. The fair value was determined based on the quoted price of the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes in an inactive market on the last trading day of the reporting period and have been classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 8 for further information on the Company’s 2026 Convertible Senior Notes.

As of September 30, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes, excluding the embedded feature value was $52.4 million and $187.9 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the estimated fair value of the Senior Notes was $108.0 million. The fair value was determined based on a binomial lattice model and have been classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. See Note 8 for further information on these notes.

The fair value of Company’s other financial instruments, including accounts receivable, accounts payable and other current liabilities, approximate their carrying value due to the relatively short maturity of those instruments. The carrying amounts of the Company’s finance leases approximate their fair value, which is the present value of expected future cash payments based on assumptions about current interest rates and the creditworthiness of the Company.

Note 10. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method for the employee equity incentive plans and stock-based awards, and the if-converted method for the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes and 2030 Convertible Notes. If the Company reports a net loss, the computation of diluted loss per share excludes the effect of dilutive common stock equivalents, as their effect would be antidilutive. The Company computes earnings (loss) per share using the two-class method for its Class A and Class B common stock. Earnings (loss) per share is same for both Class A and Class B common stock since they are entitled to the same liquidation and dividend rights.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted income/(loss) per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except for share and per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	27,403	$	(134,338)	$	(228,918)	$	(422,868)
2026 Convertible Senior Notes extinguishment	(141,203)		—		(141,203)		—
2030 Convertible Notes extinguishment	$	(5,355)	$	—	$	(5,355)	$	—

Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders	$	(119,155)	$	(134,338)	$	(375,476)	$	(422,868)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding—Basic	480,016,365		394,591,942		453,074,622		382,673,871
Dilutive effect of potential common shares
2026 Convertible Senior Notes extinguished	8,817,633		—		17,016,484		—
2030 Convertible Notes	5,180,954		—		1,726,985		—


Weighted average common shares outstanding—Diluted	494,014,952		394,591,942		471,818,091		382,673,871
Net income (loss) per share
Basic	$	0.06	$	(0.34)	$	(0.51)	$	(1.11)
Diluted	$	(0.24)	$	(0.34)	$	(0.80)	$	(1.11)

The following table presents the potential shares of common stock outstanding that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share of common stock as of the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive or related contingencies on issuance of shares had not been met for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024:



																					September 30, 2024
Warrants																					5,757,549
Stock-based awards—Equity classified																					35,494,946
Stock-based awards—Liability classified																					37,743,480
Vendor stock-in-lieu of cash program																					6,314,814
Series 1 Notes																					48,821,579
Series 2 Notes																					112,112,553
2026 Convertible Senior Notes																					10,163,806
Earn-out shares																					8,606,717
Total																					265,015,444

Note 11. Stockholders’ Equity

Class A and Class B Common Stock

The Company’s board of directors (the “Board”) has authorized two classes of common stock, Class A and Class B. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had authorized 715,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 121,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share for each class. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had 422,694,997 shares issued and 400,831,547 shares outstanding of Class A common stock, and 97,088,670 shares issued and outstanding of Class B common stock. Holders of Class A and Class B common stock have identical rights, except that holders of the Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share and the holder of the Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share.

See Note 17. Subsequent Event for a description of the Reverse Stock Split (as defined below).

Equity Financing Program

On February 28, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (the “2023 Sales Agreement”) with Virtu Americas LLC (the “Agent”) under which the Company may offer and sell, from time to time in its sole discretion, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock with aggregate gross sales proceeds of up to $75.0 million through an equity offering program under

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which the Agent will act as sales agent (the “Equity Financing Program”). The Company completed sale of common stock under the 2023 Sales Agreement in March 2024.

On May 3, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement (the “2024 Sales Agreement”) with the Agent, which extended the Equity Financing Program under the 2023 Sales Agreement. Under the 2024 Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell, from time to time in its sole discretion, shares of the Company’s Class A common stock with aggregate gross sales proceeds of up to an additional $150.0 million under the Equity Financing Program. The Company intends to use the net proceeds, if any, from offerings under this program for expenditures or payments in connection with mergers and acquisitions, strategic investments, partnerships and similar transactions, repurchases of outstanding convertible debt securities, and if needed, for general corporate and business purposes.

In August 2024, the Company increased the Equity Financing Program by an additional $50.0 million pursuant to the 2024 Sales Agreement.

Under the 2024 Sales Agreement, the Company sets the parameters for the sale of the shares, including the number of shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, limitations on the number of shares that may be sold in any one trading day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made. Subject to the terms and conditions of the 2024 Sales Agreement, the Agent has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, to sell the shares by methods deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), including sales made through The Nasdaq Global Select Market.

The Company issued 4,000,000 and 24,001,276 shares of Class A common stock under the Equity Financing Program during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 for net proceeds of $5.9 million and $41.8 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, the amount available for sale under the 2024 Sales Agreement was $182.1 million.

Private Warrants

The Company had 1,668,269 Private Warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2023. No Private Warrants were exercised in the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The Private Warrants are set to expire on December 2, 2025. Each Private Warrant allows the holder to purchase one share of Class A common stock at $11.50 per share.

Stock-in-lieu of Cash Program

The Company has entered into arrangements with certain vendors and other third parties wherein the Company at its discretion may elect to compensate the respective vendors / third parties for services provided in either cash or by issuing shares of the Company’s Class A common stock (“Stock-in-lieu of Cash Program”). The Company considers the shares issuable under the Stock-in-lieu of Cash Program as liability classified awards when the arrangement with the vendors requires the Company to issue a variable number of shares to settle amounts owed.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company issued 1,949,415 shares of Class A common stock as part of the Stock-in-lieu of Cash Program. As of September 30, 2024, the Company had a total of $4.5 million in prepaid expenses and other current and non-current assets related to its Stock-in-lieu of Cash Program.

The Company’s vendor Stock-in-lieu of Cash Program activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:


	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share




Unvested shares as of December 31, 2023	878,060	$	4.32
Granted	1,949,415	1.68

Vested	(2,787,981)	2.45
Unvested shares as of September 30, 2024	39,494	6.07

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 12. Stock-based Compensation

Prior to becoming a publicly traded entity, the Company issued incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, and restricted stock to employees and non-employee consultants under its 2015 Stock Plan (the “2015 Plan”). Since the closing of the business combination between Gores Metropoulos, Inc. and Luminar Technologies, Inc. on December 2, 2020 (the “Business Combination”), the Company has not issued any new stock-based awards under the 2015 Plan.

In December 2020, the Board adopted, and the Company’s stockholders approved the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”). The 2020 Plan became effective upon the closing of the Business Combination. Under the 2020 Plan, the Company was originally authorized to issue a maximum number of 36,588,278 shares of Class A common stock.

In June 2022, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the Company’s 2020 Plan (the “Amended 2020 Plan”) to increase the number of shares of Class A common stock authorized for issuance by 36,000,000 additional shares and added an evergreen provision under which the number of shares of Class A common stock available for issuance under the Amended 2020 Plan will be increased on the first day of each fiscal year of the Company beginning with the 2023 fiscal year and ending on (and including) the first day of the 2030 fiscal year, in an amount equal to the lesser of (i) 5% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, (ii) 40,000,000 shares or (iii) such number of shares determined by the Board. Pursuant to the evergreen provision, 20,991,566 additional shares of Class A common stock were added to the Amended 2020 Plan on January 1, 2024.

In June 2024, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the Company’s Amended 2020 Plan (the “Amended and Restated EIP”) to increase the number of shares of Class A common stock authorized for issuance by 20,000,000 additional shares of Class A common stock.

In May 2024, the Company announced the suspension of the employer match to the 401k plan. As of June 14, 2024, the Company will no longer match the 401k plan contributions made by the employee. This is part of the cost reduction initiatives undertaken by management.

Stock Options

Under the terms of the 2015 Plan, incentive stock options had an exercise price at or above the fair market value of the stock on the date of the grant, while non-qualified stock options were permitted to be granted below fair market value of the stock on the date of grant. Stock options granted have service-based vesting conditions only. The service-based vesting conditions vary, though typically, stock options vest over four years with 25% of stock options vesting on the first anniversary of the grant and the remaining 75% vesting monthly over the remaining 36 months. Option holders have a 10-year period to exercise their options before they expire. Forfeitures are recognized in the period of occurrence.

As part of the restructuring severance package in connection with the May 2024 Plan, the Company granted 1,003,765 options under the Amended and Restated EIP. These options are fully vested at the time of grant and have a 6-year exercise period before expiration, but they may not be exercised prior to May 5, 2028.

The Company’s stock option activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:


	Number of Common Stock Options	Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (In Thousands)




Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	6,199,453	$	1.76
Granted	981,462	1.50
Exercised	(327,499)	1.67
Cancelled/Forfeited	(410,127)	2.79
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024	6,443,289	1.66		4.80	$	185

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $0.2 million. The intrinsic value is calculated as the difference between the exercise price and the fair value of the common

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

stock on the exercise date. The total grant date fair value of stock options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $1.6 million.

Restricted Stock units

Since the closing of the Business Combination, the Company has granted restricted stock units (“RSUs”) under the 2020 Plan, the Amended 2020 Plan and the Amended and Restated EIP (together, the “EIP”). Each RSU granted under the EIP represents a right to receive one share of the Company’s Class A common stock when the RSU vests. RSUs generally vest over a period up to six years. The Company has granted certain performance-based equity awards that vest upon achievement of certain performance milestones. The fair value of RSUs is equal to the fair value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant.

The Company’s Time-Based RSUs and Performance-Based and Other RSUs activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:


	Time-Based RSUs			Performance-Based and Other RSUs
	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share		Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	31,251,698	$	8.60	266,921	$	8.91
Granted	30,288,936	1.60		179,452	1.92
Forfeited	(11,833,368)	5.12		(30,770)	8.58
Vested	(23,341,709)	5.02		(343,071)	5.10
Change in units based on performance	—	—		2,220	8.58
Outstanding as of September 30, 2024	26,365,557	5.29		74,752	9.77

Fixed Value Equity Awards

The Company issues fixed value equity awards to certain employees as a part of their compensation package. These awards are issued as RSUs under the EIP and are accounted for as liability classified awards under ASC 718 — Stock Compensation. Fixed value equity awards granted have service-based conditions only and vest quarterly over a period of up to six years. These awards represent a fixed dollar amount settled in a variable number of shares determined at each vesting period. Stock-based compensation expense related to these awards was $3.6 million and $11.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, and $4.2 million and $10.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Freedom Photonics Awards

As part of the acquisition of Freedom Photonics LLC (“Freedom Photonics”) in April 2022, the Company owed up to $29.8 million of post combination compensation related to certain service and performance conditions including achievement of certain technical and financial milestones. In March 2024, the Company issued 2,651,085 shares of Class A common stock for $5.4 million of the post combination compensation due to achievement of the service and performance conditions. In May 2024, the Company issued 3,098,974 shares of Class A common stock for $5.5 million of the post combination compensation due to achievement of the service and performance conditions. In June 2024, the Company issued 1,689,400 shares of Class A common stock for $2.5 million of the post combination compensation due to achievement of the certain milestones. As of September 30, 2024, it is probable that the remaining conditions will be met for an amount equal to approximately $4.5 million of post combination compensation.

Management Awards

On May 2, 2022, the Board granted an award of 10.8 million RSUs to Austin Russell, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The grant date fair value per share of the award granted to Mr. Russell was $8.70 per share. On August 19, 2022, the Board granted 500,000 RSUs to each of Thomas Fennimore, the Company’s Chief Financial Officer, and Alan Prescott, the Company’s Chief Legal Officer. The grant date fair value per share of the awards granted to Mr. Fennimore and Mr. Prescott was $6.12 per share.

These awards to Mr. Russell, Mr. Fennimore and Mr. Prescott are subject to all of the following vesting conditions:

•Public Market condition: Achievement of three stock price milestones: $50 or more, $60 or more, and $70 or more. The stock price will be measured based on the volume-weighted average price per share for 90 consecutive trading days;

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•Service condition: Approximately 7-years of vesting; and

•Performance condition: Start of production for at least one series production program.

On June 4, 2024, the Board granted 687,499 RSUs to an executive, contingent upon market-based performance conditions. The grant date fair value of the award was $1.15 per share.

The Company measured the compensation cost for the management awards outlined above using a Monte Carlo simulation model and recorded $5.8 million and $17.2 million in stock-based compensation expense related to these awards in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

The Company’s management awards activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was as follows:


	Shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023	11,800,000	$	8.48
Granted	687,499	1.15


Outstanding as of September 30, 2024	12,487,499	8.07

On November 8, 2023, the Board approved a formula for RSU grants to Messrs. Fennimore and Prescott for each year from 2024 through 2029 for Mr. Fennimore and through 2026 for Mr. Prescott based on achievement of annual performance goals with respect to the immediately preceding year (“Annual Performance Award”). The number of RSUs to be awarded in a year will be determined at the sole discretion of the Human Resources and Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”) based on actual achievement of the annual performance goals established by the Board based on the Company’s approved operating plan in respect of the immediately preceding year, with such awards ranging from 137,500 RSUs at the threshold level, 550,000 RSUs at the target level, and 825,000 RSUs at the maximum level for extraordinary performance (interpolated linearly between target levels, as applicable). For a potential award to be made in 2024, the Compensation Committee had determined that annual performance goals will be weighted 50% based on revenue and 50% based on free cash flow, with target performance for the revenue performance goal equal to $81.4 million and target performance for the 2023 fourth quarter free cash flow goal equal to $(37) million. In March 2024, the Compensation Committee determined that the achievement of the 2023 performance goals was below the threshold level. Accordingly, no 2023 Annual Performance Award was granted to Messrs. Fennimore and Prescott in March 2024.

Compensation expense

Stock-based compensation expense by function was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Cost of sales	$	1,204	$	2,255	$	4,897	$	6,842
Research and development	10,862		12,886		41,724		50,898
Sales and marketing	4,171		6,536		12,951		22,156
General and administrative	15,531		23,205		53,740		80,135
Stock-based compensation related to restructuring	1,068		—		2,480		—
Total	$	32,836	$	44,882	$	115,792	$	160,031

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Stock-based compensation expense by type of award was as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Equity Classified Awards:
Stock options	$	69	$	491	$	437	$	1,752
RSAs	—		—		—		61
RSUs	21,377		33,593		78,356		106,631
Management awards	5,814		5,560		17,229		17,059
ESPP	168		402		667		1,150
Stock-based compensation related to restructuring	1,068		—		2,480		—
Liability Classified Awards:
Equity-settled fixed value	3,552		4,150		11,466		10,066
Optogration	—		495		—		6,154
Freedom Photonics	563		687		2,650		10,219
Other	225		(496)		2,507		6,939
Total	$	32,836	$	44,882	$	115,792	$	160,031

Note 13. Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $0.2 million. The provision for income taxes for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $0.3 million. The effective tax rate was 0.6% and (0.2)% or the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate was(0.1)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023.The effective tax rates differ significantly from the statutory tax rate of 21%, primarily due to the Company’s valuation allowance movement in each period presented and taxes on foreign earnings.

Note 14. Leases

The Company leases office and manufacturing facilities under non-cancelable operating leases expiring at various dates through August 2032. Some of the Company’s leases include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms that if exercised by the Company, extend the lease term from one to six years. The exercise of these renewal options is at the Company’s discretion. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material terms and conditions of residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. The Company’s short-term leases and sublease income were not material.

The components of lease expenses were as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
Operating lease cost	$	2,927	$	2,111	$	8,596	$	6,111
Variable lease cost	332		494		990		1,528
Total operating lease cost	$	3,259	$	2,605	$	9,586	$	7,639

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Cash paid for operating leases included in operating activities	$	(8,174)	$	(5,358)
Recognition/derecognition of right-of-use asset and liability:
Operating leases	$	2,543	3,335

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Operating leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	41,036	$	42,706
Operating lease liabilities:
Operating lease liabilities, current	$	10,978	$	10,154
Operating lease liabilities, non-current	33,016		35,079
Total operating lease liabilities	$	43,994	$	45,233

Weighted average remaining terms were as follows (in years):

September 30, 2024

December 31, 2023

Weighted average remaining lease term

Operating leases

5.07

5.61

Weighted average discount rates were as follows:



	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases	6.40	%	6.45	%

Maturities of lease liabilities were as follows (in thousands):


	Operating Leases
Year Ending December 31,
2024 (remaining three months)	$	2,901
2025	11,226
2026	10,961
2027	10,030
2028	7,168
2029	2,834
Thereafter	6,500
Total lease payments	51,620
Less: imputed interest	(7,626)
Total leases liabilities	$	43,994

Note 15. Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase and Other Obligations

The Company purchases goods and services from a variety of suppliers in the ordinary course of business. Purchase obligations are defined as agreements that are enforceable and legally binding and that specify all significant terms, including fixed or minimum quantities to be purchased, fixed, minimum, or variable price provisions, and the approximate timing of the transaction. The Company had purchase obligations primarily for purchases of inventory, R&D, and general and administrative activities totaling $115.8 million as of September 30, 2024.

Legal Matters

From time to time, the Company is involved in actions, claims, suits and other proceedings in the ordinary course of business, including assertions by third parties relating to intellectual property infringement, breaches of contract or warranties or employment-related matters. When it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated, the Company records a liability for such loss contingencies. The Company’s estimates regarding potential losses and materiality are based on the Company’s judgment and assessment of the claims utilizing currently available information. Although the Company will continue to reassess its reserves and estimates based on future developments, the Company’s objective assessment of the legal merits of such claims may not always be predictive of the outcome and actual

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

results may vary from the Company’s current estimates. The Company’s current legal accrual is not material to the financial statements.

On May 26, 2023, a putative class action styled Johnson v. Luminar Technologies, Inc., et al., Case No. 6:23-cv-00982-PGB-LHP, was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, against the Company and an employee. The suit asserts purported claims on behalf of purchasers of the Company’s securities between February 28, 2023 and March 17, 2023 under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act for allegedly misleading statements regarding the Company’s photonic integrated circuits technology. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint on December 29, 2023, the motion was granted, and on July 8, 2024 Plaintiff filed an amended complaint. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint on August 22, 2024, which remains pending. The Company disputes the allegations in the complaint and intends to vigorously defend the litigation. The Company presently does not expect this matter to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial results and did not accrue anything related to this matter as of September 30, 2024. On October 21, 2023, a shareholder derivative suit entitled Bhavsar v. McAuliffe, et al. Bhavsar v. McAuliffe, et al., No. 6:23-cv-02037 was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida against directors of the Company and an employee. The suit avers claims for purported breaches of fiduciary duty, unjust enrichment, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste, aiding and abetting, and contribution under Sections 10(b) and 21D of the Exchange Act on the basis of the same purported wrongdoing alleged in the first lawsuit described above. In November 2023, three additional shareholder derivative suits averring similar claims to Bhavsar were filed in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware: Lance Dechant, et al. v. Alec E. Gores, et al., C.A. No. 23-cv-01318-UNA, Hutchinson v. Russell, et al., C.A. No. 23-cv-01345-UNA, and Ulerio v. Russell, et al., C.A. No. 23-cv-01359-UNA. The Company disputes the allegations in these complaints and intends to vigorously defend the litigation. The Company has determined that the likelihood of this matter resulting in a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial results is remote.

On March 21, 2024, a putative class action styled Smith v. Gores, et al., C.A. No. 2024-0285-MTZ (Del. Ch.) was filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery against the Company and the members of its Board of Directors. The lawsuit asserted claims on behalf of a putative class comprised of all stockholders other than defendants and any current directors or officers of the Company. The plaintiff alleged that certain provisions in the Company’s advance notice bylaws (the “Challenged Provisions”) were invalid and void and that the members of the Board have breached their fiduciary duty of loyalty by adopting and maintaining the Challenged Provisions. In addition to seeking declaratory, equitable, and injunctive relief, the plaintiff sought an award of attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses on behalf of the putative class. On September 4, 2024, the court granted the parties stipulation to dismiss this action with prejudice, as to the individual plaintiff only, in light of certain amendments to the Challenged Provisions adopted by the Board, which rendered the action moot. The court retains jurisdiction of the action solely for the purpose of adjudicating an attorneys’ fees and expenses application by the plaintiff. The Company has determined that the likelihood of this matter resulting in a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial results is remote.

Note 16. Segment and Customer Concentration Information

Reportable segments are (i) Autonomy Solutions and (ii) ATS. These segments reflect the way the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) evaluates the Company’s business performance and manages its operations. Each segment has distinct product offerings, customers and market penetration. The Chief Executive Officer is the CODM of the Company.

Autonomy Solutions

This segment manufactures and distributes commercial LiDAR sensors that measure distance using laser light for automotive mobility applications. This segment is impacted by trends in the automobile and autonomous vehicles sector and the infrastructure/technology sector.

ATS

This segment is in the business of development of semiconductor technology based lasers and sensors. This segment also designs, tests and provides consulting services for development of integrated circuits. This segment is impacted by trends in and the strength of the automobile and aeronautics sectors as well as government spending in military and defense activities.

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Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

The accounting policies of the operating segments are the same as those described in Note 2. Segment operating results and reconciliations to the Company’s consolidated balances are as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Autonomy Solutions		ATS		Total reportable segments		Eliminations (1)		Total Consolidated

Revenues from external customers	$	9,766	$	5,727	$	15,493	$	—	$	15,493


Depreciation and amortization	4,981		729		5,710		—		5,710
Restructuring costs	3,284		—		3,284		—		3,284
Operating loss	(106,133)		(10,208)		(116,341)		484		(115,857)
Other significant items:
Segment assets	482,723		65,106		547,829		(144,415)		403,414
Inventories, net	13,523		4,113		17,636		—		17,636


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Autonomy Solutions		ATS		Total reportable segments		Eliminations (1)		Total Consolidated

Revenues from external customers	$	11,229	$	5,730	$	16,959	$	—	$	16,959


Depreciation and amortization	11,231		701		11,932		—		11,932
Operating income (loss)	(131,943)		673		(131,270)		2,341		(128,929)
Other significant items:
Segment assets	676,874		79,237		756,111		(203,233)		552,878
Inventory	15,800		935		16,735		(37)		16,698


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Autonomy Solutions		ATS		Total reportable segments		Eliminations (1)		Total Consolidated

Revenues from external customers	$	36,066	$	16,845	$	52,911	$	—	$	52,911


Depreciation and amortization	18,055		2,114		20,169		—		20,169
Restructuring costs	8,869		677		9,546		—		9,546
Operating loss	(350,719)		(19,732)		(370,451)		1,102		(369,349)
Other significant items:
Segment assets	482,723		65,106		547,829		(144,415)		403,414
Inventory	13,523		4,113		17,636		—		17,636


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Autonomy Solutions		ATS		Total reportable segments		Eliminations (1)		Total Consolidated

Revenues from external customers	$	31,640	$	16,025	$	47,665	$	—	$	47,665


Depreciation and amortization	17,423		2,045		19,468		—		19,468
Operating loss	(393,794)		(22,157)		(415,951)		1,235		(414,716)
Other significant items:
Segment assets	676,874		79,237		756,111		(203,233)		552,878
Inventory	15,800		935		16,735		(37)		16,698

(1) Represents the eliminations of all intercompany balances and transactions during the period presented.

Two customers of the Autonomy Solutions segment, accounted for 34% and 17%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024. One customer of the Autonomy Solutions segment, accounted for 48% of the Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Three customers of the Autonomy Solutions segment, accounted for 32%, 14% and 14%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended September 30,

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LUMINAR TECHNOLOGIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

2023. Two customers of the Autonomy Solutions segment, accounted for 30% and 16%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. A vast majority of the Company’s long-lived assets are located in North America.

Note 17. Subsequent Event

On October 15, 2024, we received a deficiency notice from the Listing Qualifications Department of The Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) notifying that, based on the closing bid price of our Common Stock, for the last 30 consecutive trading days, we no longer comply with the minimum bid price requirement for continued listing on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. Nasdaq Listing Rule 5450(a)(1) requires listed securities to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”), and Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the Minimum Bid Price Requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive trading days.

The Notice has no immediate effect on the listing of the Common Stock on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. The Company has 180 days from the date of the Notice to regain compliance and is considering all available options to comply with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement.

On October 30, 2024, the Company held its special meeting of stockholders (the “Special Meeting”). At the Special Meeting, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, to, at the discretion of the Board, effect a reverse stock split (the “Reverse Stock Split”) with respect to the Company’s issued and outstanding Class A common stock and Class B common stock, including any held by the Company as treasury shares, at any time prior to December 31, 2024, at a ratio of 1-for-5 to 1-for-20 (the “Range”), with the ratio within such Range to be determined at the discretion of the Board without further approval or authorization of the Company’s stockholders.On November 13, 2024, the Board set and approved a ratio of 1-for-15 for the Reverse Stock Split and authorized management to proceed with the reverse stock split. The financial statements contained herein do not reflect the Reverse Stock Split as the Reverse Stock Split has not been implemented or become effective as of the date of the issuance of these financial statements.

Subsequent to the quarter-end, the Company received notices from the holders to convert the principal amount of $4.1 million and $8.5 million of Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes, respectively. The Company issued 3,691,501 shares and 5,653,547 shares of the Class A Common Stock to settle such conversion of Series 1 Notes and Series 2 Notes, respectively.

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ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Annual Report”) filed with the SEC on February 28, 2024. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in our 2023 Annual Report and in Part II, Item 1A, of our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 (the “Second Quarter 2024 Report”) and elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. See also “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” at the beginning of this Form 10-Q.

Overview

We are a global automotive technology company ushering a new era of vehicle safety and autonomy. We are enabling solutions for series production passenger cars and commercial trucks as well as other targeted markets. Over the past decade, we have been building our light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensor from the chip-level up, which is expected to meet the demanding performance, safety, reliability and cost requirements to enable next-generation safety and autonomous capabilities for passenger and commercial vehicles as well as other adjacent markets.

We are in the process of developing perception, decision-making and mapping software. As of the end of the third quarter of 2024, most of our software products had not achieved technological feasibility.

Acquisition of EM4

On March 18, 2024, we completed the acquisition of EM4, a designer, manufacturer and seller of packaged photonic components and sub-systems for industrial markets. The EM4 acquisition is expected to accelerate our strategy to package lasers, detectors and ASICs. Operations of EM4 have been included in the ATS segment since the acquisition date.

Industrialization Update

We continue to execute on our industrialization plan in conjunction with our automaker partners.

We announced our start of production (“SOP”) for Volvo Cars at the manufacturing facility in Mexico in April 2024 and began shipping production LiDAR sensors for the Volvo EX90, with yields continuously improving during the third quarter of 2024.

We continually evaluate opportunities for optimizing our manufacturing processes and product design. During 2023, we began evaluating our sourcing strategy with the objective to reduce future per unit sensor manufacturing costs, and then finalized and committed to a plan to change our sourcing of certain sub-assemblies and components from one supplier to another, which will require us to abandon certain equipment located at the legacy supplier. As a result, we have reduced the useful lives of the long-lived assets within the impacted asset group in line with when these assets are expected to be abandoned. We expect the transition to new suppliers to be essentially completed in 2024. The reduction in the estimated useful lives of the impacted assets resulted in us recording $0.9 million and $4.4 million of accelerated depreciation charges in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024. We expect to record additional accelerated depreciation of approximately $0.3 million through the remainder of 2024. Our continuing optimization of our manufacturing and product design processes may impact estimated useful lives or carrying values of additional property, plant and equipment or other assets.

Business Updates

On May 3, 2024, we announced a restructuring and cost reduction plan (the “Restructuring Plan”), which included reducing our workforce by approximately 20% and sub-leasing of certain facilities. We estimated the impact of the Restructuring Plan and other actions such as contractor spend reduction, when completed, would reduce operating costs by approximately $50.0 million to $65.0 million on an annual basis, of which approximately $20.0 million to $30.0 million would be savings in cash expenditures.

On September 20, 2024, we announced additional actions under the Restructuring Plan that represent a cumulative workforce reduction of approximately 30% of our full-time employees since the beginning of 2024. These additional actions commenced immediately following the announcement, and we expect them to be substantially complete by the end of 2025. We expect to incur approximately $4.0 million to $6.0 million in additional cash charges associated with employee severance and related employee costs, plus charges related to acceleration of certain previously granted stock-based awards as part of severance packages for impacted employees. Through September 30, 2024, we incurred $9.5 million in total charges associated with employee severance and related costs, including both cash and stock from the actions we took in May 2024 and September 2024. We estimate that the additional workforce adjustments we announced in September 2024, along with other cost-saving measures expected to take place over the coming quarters, will generate approximately $80.0 million in additional annual cash savings on a run-rate basis.

On August 6, 2024, we entered into private, separately negotiated agreements for (i) the private offering and sale of $100 million in aggregate principal amount of newly issued, first-lien, senior secured floating rate notes due 2028 of the Company

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(the “Senior Notes” and (ii) the exchange of approximately $421.9 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.25% 2026 Convertible Senior Notes (due in 2026) for approximately $274.2 million in aggregate principal amount of 2023 Convertible Notes (due in 2030), consisting of two series of second-lien, senior secured notes, both of which have identical terms other than the principal amount, interest rate and applicable conversion price. We did not receive any cash proceeds from the exchange transaction. The transactions closed on August 8, 2024. See note 8 for more detail.

Given the customary business practices in the automotive industry, the rapidly changing nature of the markets in which we compete and that LiDAR is new, there remains potential risk that our major commercial wins may not ultimately generate any significant revenue. See the discussion under the heading “The period of time from a major commercial win to implementation is long and we are subject to risks of cancellation or postponement of the contract or unsuccessful implementation” in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I in our 2023 Annual Report.

Basis of Presentation

Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our wholly owned subsidiaries. We have eliminated intercompany accounts and transactions.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

Our business and revenue producing activities are organized in two operating segments: (i) Autonomy Solutions and (ii) Advanced Technologies and Services (“ATS”).

The Autonomy Solutions segment is engaged in the design, manufacturing, and sale of LiDAR sensors catering mainly to OEMs in the automobile, commercial vehicle, robotaxi and adjacent industries. The Autonomy Solutions segment revenue also includes fees earned from non-recurring engineering services provided to customers in connection with customization of our sensor and software products, as well as revenue generated from licensing of certain information.

The ATS segment provides advanced semiconductors and related components, as well as design, test and consulting services to the Autonomy Solutions segment and to various third-party customers, including government agencies and defense contractors, in markets generally unrelated to autonomous vehicles.

Two customers of the Autonomy Solutions segment, accounted for 34% and 17%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024. One customer of the Autonomy Solutions segment, accounted for 48% of the Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Three customers of the Autonomy Solutions segment, accounted for 32%, 14% and 14%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Two customers of the Autonomy Solutions segment, accounted for 30% and 16%, respectively, of the Company’s revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Consideration Payable to Customers

The Company enters into revenue and purchase contracts with the same customer from time to time. When payments to customers are in exchange for distinct goods and services, the Company evaluates the underlying economics and fair value of the distinct goods and services. If the Company determines any portion of the consideration payable to the customer exceeds the fair value of the distinct goods and services, the excess is accounted for as a reduction of the transaction price of the revenue contract.

Cost of sales and gross profit (loss)

Cost of sales includes the fixed and variable manufacturing cost of our LiDAR sensors, which primarily consists of material purchases from third-party contract manufacturers and suppliers which are directly associated with our manufacturing process and personnel-related costs, including stock-based compensation expense for personnel engaged in manufacturing, and engineering. Cost of sales also includes cost of providing services to customers, depreciation and amortization for manufacturing fixed assets or equipment, cost of components, product testing and launch-related costs, an allocated portion of overhead, facility and information technology (“IT”) costs, write downs for excess and obsolete inventory and shipping costs.

Gross profit (loss) equals revenue less cost of sales. As we transition from prototype production to series production, average selling prices will be lower and we expect these lower average selling prices to temporarily increase our gross loss over the next few quarters until we start to realize the benefits of cost reduction and efficiency measures and production scaling.

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Operating Expenses

Research and Development (R&D)

R&D costs are expensed as incurred. Design and development costs for products to be sold under long-term supply arrangements are expensed as incurred. Design and development costs for molds, dies, and other tools involved in developing new technologies are expensed as incurred.

Our R&D efforts are focused on enhancing and developing additional functionality for our existing products and on new product development, including new releases and upgrades to our LiDAR sensors and integrated software solutions. R&D expenses consist primarily of:

•Personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits, and stock-based compensation expense, for personnel in our research and engineering functions;

•Expenses related to materials, software licenses, supplies and third-party services;

•Prototype expenses; and

•An allocated portion of facility and IT costs and depreciation.

The ATS segment provides certain services and components to the Autonomy Solutions segment, which are recorded as cost of goods sold or research and development costs depending on the nature and use of such services and components by the Autonomy Solutions segment. These inter-segment transactions are eliminated in our consolidated results. We expect our R&D costs to remain elevated for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in research and development activities to achieve our product roadmap, and we expect to continue to incur operating losses for at least the foreseeable future due to continued R&D investments.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses consist of personnel and personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation of our business development team, as well as advertising and marketing expenses. These include the cost of marketing programs, trade shows, promotional materials, demonstration equipment, an allocated portion of facility and IT costs and depreciation.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist of personnel and personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation of our executive, finance, human resources, information systems and legal departments as well as legal and accounting fees for professional and contract services.

Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liabilities

The derivatives are classified as marked-to-market liabilities and the corresponding increase or decrease in value is reflected in change in fair value of embedded derivatives.

Other income (expense), net

Interest income consists of income earned on our cash equivalents and marketable securities. These amounts will vary based on our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances, and also with market rates. Interest expense consists primarily of interest on the 2026 Convertible Senior Notes, 2030 Convertible Notes and Senior Notes as well as amortization of premium (discount) on marketable securities. Other income (expense) includes realized gains and losses related to the marketable securities, as well as impact of gains and losses related to foreign exchange transactions.

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Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 and 2023

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q. The following table sets forth our consolidated results of operations data for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change		2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Revenue	$	15,493	$	16,959	$	(1,466)	(9)	%	$	52,911	$	47,665	$	5,246	11	%
Cost of sales	29,525		35,119		(5,594)		(16)	%	91,079		98,784		(7,705)		(8)	%
Gross loss	(14,032)		(18,160)		4,128		(23)	%	(38,168)		(51,119)		12,951		(25)	%
Operating Expenses:
Research and development	50,591		62,937		(12,346)		(20)	%	184,191		199,472		(15,281)		(8)	%
Sales and marketing	11,097		12,397		(1,300)		(10)	%	37,752		41,780		(4,028)		(10)	%
General and administrative	30,206		35,435		(5,229)		(15)	%	93,045		122,345		(29,300)		(24)	%
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets	6,647		—		6,647		100	%	6,647		—		6,647		100	%
Restructuring costs	3,284		—		3,284		100	%	9,546		—		9,546		100	%
Total operating expenses	101,825		110,769		(8,944)		(8)	%	331,181		363,597		(32,416)		(9)	%
Loss from operations	(115,857)		(128,929)		13,072		(10)	%	(369,349)		(414,716)		45,367		(11)	%
Other income (expense), net:

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	65		2,373		(2,308)		(97)	%	1,050		1,345		(295)		(22)	%

Interest expense	(8,908)		(2,779)		(6,129)		221	%	(14,422)		(5,717)		(8,705)		152	%
Interest income	2,407		1,260		1,147		91	%	8,356		4,770		3,586		75	%
Gain on extinguishment of debt	147,346		—		147,346		100	%	147,346		—		147,346		100	%
Gain from acquisition of EM4	—		—		—		—	%	1,752		—		1,752		100	%
Changes in fair value of derivative liability	2,476		—		2,476		100	%	2,476		—		2,476		100	%
(Losses)/gains related to investments and certain other assets, and other income (expense)	32		(5,967)		5,999		(101)	%	(5,947)		(8,245)		2,298		(28)	%
Total other income (expense), net	143,418		(5,113)		148,531		(2905)	%	140,611		(7,847)		148,458		(1892)	%
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	27,561		(134,042)		161,603		(121)	%	(228,738)		(422,563)		193,825		(46)	%
Provision for income taxes	158		296		(138)		(47)	%	180		305		(125)		(41)	%
Net income (loss)	$	27,403	$	(134,338)	$	161,741	(120)	%	$	(228,918)	$	(422,868)	$	193,950	(46)	%

Revenue

The following table sets forth a breakdown of revenue by segments for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change		2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Revenue from sales to external customers:
Autonomy Solutions	$	9,766	$	11,229	$	(1,463)	(13)	%	$	36,066	$	31,640	$	4,426	14	%
ATS	5,727		5,730		(3)		—	%	16,845		16,025		820		5	%
Total	$	15,493	$	16,959	$	(1,466)	(9)	%	$	52,911	$	47,665	$	5,246	11	%

The decrease in revenue of $1.5 million in our Autonomy Solutions in the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily due to lower service revenue on certain NRE contracts. The $4.4 million increase in revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily due to increase in sensor shipments to Volvo and licensing of certain information partially offset by lower service revenue on certain NRE contracts.

The increase in revenue of our ATS segment in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily due to an increase in revenue from the acquisition of EM4 partially offset by non-recurring engineering service and product sales.

Cost of Sales

The $5.6 million decrease in the cost of sales in the three months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, was primarily due to reduction in launch related costs as we prepared for series production of Iris. The $7.7 million decrease in the cost of sales in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, was

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primarily due to cost reduction actions in the last two quarters, launch related costs in prior year and lower number of service projects offset by ramp up in production and units sold.

In 2023, we finalized and committed to a plan to proceed with a change in our sourcing strategy for certain manufacturing activities. Implementation of this plan is expected to result in discontinued use of certain plant, property and equipment assets as they will no longer be needed for their original intended use. As a result of executing our plan, we revised the estimated useful lives of certain long-lived assets within the impacted asset group. This resulted in recording depreciation for these assets over an accelerated period. We recorded $0.9 million and $4.4 million of incremental accelerated depreciation charges associated with this manufacturing and sourcing change in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

The $12.3 million and $15.3 million decrease in research and development expenses in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023 was primarily due to:

•a $6.6 million and $13.7 million net decrease in personnel-related costs driven mainly by decreased headcount and a decrease in stock-based compensation expense; offset by

•a $5.7 million and $1.6 million net increase in purchased materials, contractor fees and external spend in relation to continuing development and testing of our sensor and software products, development activities related to advanced manufacturing as well as data labeling services.

Sales and Marketing

The $1.3 million and $4.0 million decrease in sales and marketing expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same periods in 2023 was primarily due to decreases in personnel related costs including stock-based compensation costs due to decreased headcount and reduction in travel related costs.

General and Administrative

The $5.2 million and $29.3 million decrease in general and administrative expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023 was primarily due to:

• a $8.2 million and $24.5 million net decrease in personnel-related costs driven mainly by a decrease in stock-based compensation expense as a result of headcount reduction and vesting of certain awards previously granted in connection with M&A activity;

•a $1.0 million and $2.9 million decrease in travel related costs; and

•a $4.0 million net increase and $1.9 million net decrease in computer and software subscriptions, contractor fees and external spend.

Impairment of goodwill and intangible and intangible assets

During the third quarter of 2024 the Company recognized additional impairment charges of $3.4 million and $3.3 million related to goodwill and IPR&D, related to Freedom Photonics driven by a slower industry lidar adoption rate in the near-term as well as a reduction in the Freedom Photonics workforce assigned to perform development work for external customers.

Restructuring Costs

The Company incurred $3.3 million and $9.5 million in restructuring expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to actions taken pursuant to the Restructuring Plan announced in May 2024.

Change in Fair Value of Warrant Liabilities

The change in fair value of warrant liabilities is a non-cash benefit or charge due to the corresponding decrease or increase in the estimated fair value of warrants issued in a private placement in connection with the initial public offering of Gores Metropoulos, Inc. (“Private Warrants”).

The non-cash gain related to the Private Warrants was $0.1 million and $1.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

Gain on Extinguishment of Debt

As a result of the exchange and purchase transactions, during the third quarter of 2024, the Company recognized a $147.3 million gain on debt extinguishment which represented the difference between the carrying value of the 2026

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Convertible Senior Notes so exchanged and the collective fair value of 2030 Convertible Notes and the Senior Notes, net of the cash payment received from the investors, along with the gain from the 2030 Convertible Notes principal amount conversion initiated by the holders. The extinguishment gain was recorded in Other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Change in Fair Value of Derivative Liability

The change in fair value of derivative liability is a non-cash benefit or charge due to the corresponding decrease or increase in the estimated fair value of embedded derivatives in the 2030 Convertible Notes.

Segment Operating Income or Loss

Segment income or loss is defined as income or loss before taxes. Our segment income or loss breakdown is as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,								Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024		2023		$ Change		% Change		2024		2023		$ Change		% Change
Segment operating income (loss)
Autonomy Solutions	$	(106,133)	$	(131,943)	$	25,810	(20	%)	$	(350,719)	$	(393,794)	$	43,075	(11	%)
ATS	(10,208)		673		(10,881)		1617	%	(19,732)		(22,157)		2,425		11	%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity and Capital Requirements

Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including:

•production capacity and volume;

•the timing and extent of spending to support R&D efforts;

•investments in manufacturing equipment and facilities;

•the expansion of sales and marketing activities, market adoption of new and enhanced products and features; and

•investments in information technology systems.

Until we can generate sufficient revenue and profits from sale of products and services to cover our operating expenses, working capital, and capital expenditures, we expect our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, and proceeds from debt and/or equity financings to fund our cash needs. If we are required to raise additional funds by issuing equity securities, dilution to stockholders would result. Any equity securities issued may also provide for rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. If we raise funds by issuing debt securities, these debt securities may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to those of holders of our common stock. The terms of debt securities or borrowings could impose significant restrictions on our operations. In addition, we may from time to time seek to retire or repurchase material amounts of our outstanding debt securities through open-market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, for cash or through exchanges for debt or equity, subject to limitations in the agreements governing our outstanding debt securities. Any repurchases or exchanges would be on terms and at prices that we may determine in our discretion and would depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, our receipt of any necessary corporate approvals and other factors. The credit market and financial services industry have in the past, and may in the future, experience periods of uncertainty that could impact the availability and cost of equity and debt financing.

We expect to continue to invest in our product and software development as well as incur efforts to build customer relations and markets. Further, we expect to invest in developing advanced manufacturing capabilities, both, internally as well as with our contract manufacturing partners. We expect to fund these product and business development initiatives and capital expenditures either through our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities or through issuance of shares of our Class A common stock to vendors and third parties for services provided (“Stock-in-lieu of Cash Program”).

In February 2024, we entered into two non-recourse loan and securities pledge agreements (the “Loan Agreements”) with The St. James Bank & Trust Company Ltd. (the “Lender”), pursuant to which we may borrow up to an aggregate of $50.0 million. Any loans made by the Lender under the Loan Agreements would be collateralized by shares of our Class A common stock or stock we hold of another company. The Loan Agreements require us to pay an up-front structure fee of 1.5% on any amounts borrowed, and any outstanding amounts would bear interest at 8.0% per annum. We did not borrow any amount from this credit facility and had no outstanding balance as of September 30, 2024.

On May 3, 2024, we entered into a Sales Agreement (the “2024 Sales Agreement”) with Virtu Americas LLC (the “Agent”) under which we may offer and sell, from time to time in our sole discretion, shares of our Class A common stock with aggregate gross sales proceeds of up to $150.0 million under the Equity Financing Program. This was an extension of the prior Equity Financing Program we established with the Agent in February 2023. In August 2024, the Company increased the Equity Financing Program by an additional $50.0 million pursuant to the 2024 Sales Agreement. We intend to use the net proceeds

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from offerings under the Equity Financing Program for expenditures or payments in connection with strategic merger and acquisitions, strategic investments, partnerships and similar transactions, repurchases of convertible debt securities, and if needed, for general corporate and business purposes.

Under the 2024 Sales Agreement, we set the parameters for the sale of the shares, including the number of shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, limitations on the number of shares that may be sold in any one trading day and any minimum price below which sales may not be made. Subject to the terms and conditions of the 2024 Sales Agreement, the Agent has agreed to use its commercially reasonable efforts, consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, to sell the shares by methods deemed to be an “at the market” offering as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act, including sales made through The Nasdaq Global Select Market.

We issued 4,000,000 and 24,001,276 shares of Class A common stock under the Equity Financing Program during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 for net proceeds of $5.9 million and $41.8 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2024, $182.1 million was available for sale under the program.

In August 2024, we entered into private, separately negotiated agreements for (i) the private offering and sale of $100 million in aggregate principal amount of newly issued, first-lien, senior secured floating rate notes due 2028 and (ii) the exchange of approximately $421.9 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2026 for approximately $274.2 million in aggregate principal amount of newly issued Convertible Senior Secured Notes due 2030. We received $100 million in cash proceeds from the offering and sale of the Senior Notes, but did not receive any cash proceeds from the exchange of the Convertible Senior Notes for the 2030 Convertible Notes. As a result of this transaction, we extended a significant amount of our 2026 maturities into 2030 and raised additional capital to bolster our liquidity position. We expect to incur higher annual interest expense for the incremental Senior Notes and 2030 Convertible Notes. For additional information regarding the Senior Notes and 2030 Convertible Notes, including the financial and other restrictive covenants and contractual obligations contained in the indentures governing the Senior Notes and 2030 Convertible Notes, see Note 8 of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

During the quarter ending September 30, 2024, $22.9 million aggregate principal amount of 2030 Convertible Notes were converted by the holders. the Company issued 20,361,266 shares of Class A common stock to settle the conversion of $22.9 million aggregate principal amount of 2030 Convertible Notes.

As of September 30, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $114.2 million and marketable securities of $84.4 million, totaling $198.6 million of total liquidity. To date, our principal sources of liquidity have been proceeds received from issuances of debt and equity. Market and economic conditions, such as the increase in interest rates by federal agencies, may materially impact relative cost and mix of these sources of liquidity.

To date, we have not generated positive cash flows from operating activities and have incurred significant losses from operations in the past as reflected in our accumulated deficit of $2.1 billion as of September 30, 2024. We expect to continue to incur operating losses for at least the foreseeable future due to continued R&D investments that we intend to make in our business and, as a result, we may require additional capital resources to grow our business. We believe that current cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities will be sufficient to continue to execute our business strategy in the next 12 months.

Cash Flow Summary

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:


	Nine months ended September 30,
	2024		2023
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	(214,692)	$	(194,526)
Investing activities	58,099		139,504
Financing activities	132,115		62,105

Operating Activities

Net cash used in operating activities was $214.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net cash used in operating activities was due to our net loss of $228.9 million adjusted for non-cash items of $34.6 million, primarily consisting of $147.3 million gain on extinguishment of debt, $115.8 million of stock-based compensation, $20.7 million of inventory write-offs and write-downs, $20.2 million of depreciation and amortization, $12.4 million of vendor payments in stock in lieu of cash and cash used for operating assets and liabilities of $20.4 million due to the timing of cash payments to vendors and cash receipts from customers.

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Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities of $58.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was comprised of cash proceeds from maturities of marketable securities of $154.8 million, offset primarily by $92.4 million related to purchases of marketable securities, $4.2 million in cash spent for capital expenditures, and $3.8 million cash paid for acquisition of EM4.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $132.1 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was primarily comprised of $41.8 million cash received from the sale and issuance of shares of Class A common stock under the Equity Financing Program and $89.2 million from the issuance of Senior Notes, net of issuance costs.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe our critical accounting policies involve the greatest degree of judgment and complexity and have the greatest potential impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Except as set forth below, there were no changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates included in our 2023 Annual Report during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. For a more detailed discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates, please refer to our 2023 Annual Report and Note 2 of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

Convertible and Senior Notes and Derivative Liability

We evaluate the convertible and senior notes to determine if embedded features of those contracts qualify as derivatives to be separately accounted for under the relevant sections of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging: Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity. This accounting treatment requires that the carrying amount of any derivatives be recorded at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet at issuance and marked-to-market at each balance sheet date as components of convertible and senior notes. The change in the fair value during the period is recorded in the consolidated statement of operations as either other income or expense as changes in fair value of derivative liability. Upon conversion, exercise or repayment, the respective derivative liability is marked to fair value at the conversion, repayment, or exercise date and then the related fair value amount is reclassified to other income or expense as part of gain or loss on debt extinguishment in the consolidated statement of operations.

We use a binomial lattice bond model to estimate the fair value of the senior notes, convertible notes, and embedded derivatives. Our use of the binomial model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected volatility of our common stock, risk-free interest rates, discount rates, and estimated effective conversion price ratios based on forecasted financial metrics (adjusted for additional interest payment upon conversion per the agreement). The assumptions used in the binomial model represent managements’ best estimates. These estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management’s judgment.

Smaller Reporting Company Status

Based on the Company's public float as of June 28, 2024, and its revenue, the Company has transitioned to Smaller Reporting Company status and plans to take advantage of certain reduced disclosure requirements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q.

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ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of September 30, 2024.

Based on management’s evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were designed, and were effective, to provide assurance at a reasonable level that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the three months ended September 30, 2024, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings.

Information with respect to this Item may be found under the heading “Legal Matters” in Note 15 to the condensed consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q, which information is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors.

The Company is supplementing the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of its 2023 Annual Report to update the following risk factor appearing under the heading “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Ownership of Our Shares.” Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes from the “Risk Factors” previously disclosed in Part 1, Item 1A, our 2023 Annual Report and in Part II, Item 1A, of our Second Quarter 2024 Report. You should carefully consider the “Risk Factors” discussed in our 2023 Annual Report and Second Quarter 2024 Report, as supplemented below, as they could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results of operations.

Our failure to meet the continued listing requirements of Nasdaq could result in a delisting of our securities.

Our Class A common stock is currently listed on Nasdaq, which has qualitative and quantitative continued listing requirements, including corporate governance requirements, public float requirements, and a $1.00 minimum closing bid price requirement.

On October 15, 2024, we received written notice from Nasdaq notifying us that we are not in compliance with the minimum bid price requirements set forth in Nasdaq listing rule 5450(a)(1) for continued listing on Nasdaq (the “Minimum Bid Price Requirement”). Nasdaq listing rule 5450(a)(1) requires listed securities maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share, and Nasdaq listing rule 5810(c)(3)(A) provides that a failure to meet the minimum closing bid price requirement exists if the deficiency continues for a period of 30 consecutive business days. Based on the closing bid price of our common stock for the 30 consecutive business days prior to the date of the written notice, we did not meet the Minimum Bid Price Requirement. To regain compliance, the closing bid price of our common stock must be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days within 180 days of the notice date, or by April 14, 2025, which may be extended if certain conditions are met. Since the date of the notice letter from Nasdaq, our common stock has failed to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1.00 per share for at least 10 consecutive business days.

At a special meeting of stockholders held on October 30, 2024, our stockholders approved, in connection with our failure to satisfy the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, a reverse stock split of our common stock prior to December 31, 2024, at a ratio ranging from 1:5 to 1:20, with the ratio to be determined by the Board. On November 13, 2024, the Board set and approved a ratio of 1-for-15 for the reverse stock split and authorized management to proceed with the reverse stock split. Although we expect that the reverse stock split will have the immediate effect of increasing the market price of our common stock to above $1.00, we cannot guarantee that the reverse stock split will result in the trading price of our common stock remaining above the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, or that the reverse stock split will result in a long-term increase in the market price of our common stock, which would be dependent on many factors, including general economic, market and industry conditions, our business and other factors.

If we do not regain compliance with the Minimum Bid Price Requirement, or if we are unable to satisfy any of the other continued listing requirements, Nasdaq may take steps to delist our Class A common stock. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of the securities and would impair the ability of stockholders to sell or purchase their securities. Additionally, if our securities are not listed on, or become delisted from, Nasdaq for any reason, and are quoted on an inter-dealer automated quotation system for equity securities that is not a national securities exchange, the liquidity and price of our securities may be more limited than if we were quoted or listed on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange. You may be unable to sell your securities unless a market can be established or sustained. Delisting would also adversely affect our ability to obtain financing for our continuing operations. In addition, delisting would constitute a fundamental change under the indentures that govern our convertible notes, which could result in our being required to repurchase our convertible notes and other outstanding indebtedness. See the risk factor entitled "We may be unable to raise the funds necessary to repurchase the notes for cash following a fundamental change, or to pay any cash amounts due upon conversion, and our existing and other indebtedness may limit our ability to repurchase the notes or pay cash upon their conversion" in Part II, Item 1A, of our Second Quarter 2024 Report.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

On July 5, 2024, we issued 259,246 shares of Class A common stock in lieu of cash to a certain service provider for services rendered to us pursuant to a private placement in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933.

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ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. Other Information.

During the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Securities Exchange Act adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

As previously disclosed, on August 28, 2024, the Board of Directors of the Company amended and restated the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (as so amended and restated, the “A&R Bylaws”) to make certain updates and conforming and technical changes, including the following:

•updating the informational requirements for director nominations and other proposals submitted by stockholders under the Company’s “advance notice” provisions, including removing the term “acting in concert” and certain disclosure requirements related to persons “acting in concert” with stockholders and adding a definition of “principal competitor”

•pertaining to required disclosures relating to interests in competitors or material agreements with competitors;

•making certain revisions to align with current versions of relevant provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law; and

•making other technical, clarifying, conforming and modernizing changes.

The description above is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the A&R Bylaws, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 3.3 to this quarterly report and incorporated by reference herein.

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ITEM 6. Exhibits.

Incorporation by Reference

Exhibit Number

Description

Form

File Number

Exhibit/Appendix Reference

Filing Date

Filed Herewith

3.1

Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.

8-K/A

001-38791

3.1

12/8/20

3.2

Certificate of Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company.

10-K

001-38791

3.2

02/28/24

3.3

Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (as amended and restated on August 28, 2024 ).

8-K

001-38791

3.1

08/30/24

4.1

First Lien Indenture, dated August 8, 2024, by and between the Company and GLAS Trust Company LLC, as trustee.

10-Q

001-38791

4.1

08/08/24

4.1

Second Lien Indenture, dated August 8, 2024, by and between the Company and GLAS Trust Company LLC, as trustee.

10-Q

001-38791

4.2

08/08/24

10.3

10.1+

Form of Exchange Agreement, dated August 6, 2024, by and between the Company and the Holders.

10-Q

001-38791

10.3

08/08/24

10.2+

Form of Purchase Agreement, dated August 6, 2024, by and between the Company and the Purchasers.

10-Q

001-38791

10.4

08/08/24

31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) and 15(d)-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

Furnished
herewith

101.INS

XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL).

+ Certain of the exhibits and schedules to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Regulation S-K Item 601(a)(5). The registrant agrees to furnish a copy of all omitted exhibits and schedules to the SEC upon its request.

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SIGNATURES.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


	Luminar Technologies, Inc.

Date: November 18, 2024	By:	/s/ Austin Russell
		Austin Russell
		President, Chief Executive Officer and Chairperson of the Board
		(Principal Executive Officer)



		/s/ Thomas J. Fennimore
		Thomas J. Fennimore
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)